Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
Title: APPARATUSES AND METHODS FOR CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURING AND ELECTRICAL
ENERGY PRODUCING SYSTEM
Inventor and owner: SOLOMON ALEMA ASFHA
Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to processes, apparatus, and methods for carbon
dioxide
capturing through a tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system and
electrical energy
producing system. More specifically, the present invention relates to an
integrated system
of producing electrical energy through the integrated system and capturing
carbon dioxide
through a tree fashioned system.
Background of the invention
The present invention relates to carbon dioxide capture systems, and electric
power
generating system, more specifically to carbon dioxide capture systems that
capture from
the atmosphere.
On our Earth, billions of metric tons of greenhouse gases are annually
released into the
atmosphere. Carbon emission is the major pollutant of the atmosphere. This in
turn has
made the polar icebergs meltdown, exposing to various health threats,
irregular rainfall,
desertification, and the like. The huge amounts of carbon dioxide emissions
coming out
from vehicles and factories have worsened the world's climate from time to
time.
Emissions of carbon dioxide have made to increase the temperature of the
globe. Due to
recent global warming, the polar icecaps have been melting, causing a rise in
the sea level.
Recent climate changes have caused unusual weather phenomena around the world.
Global
warming is known to be attributed to increased carbon dioxide emissions.
Different
Strategies to reduce the emission of carbon dioxide have been directed towards
the
development of alternative energy sources, such as hydrogen energy, solar
energy and
wind energy capable of replacing fossil fuels, and techniques for the capture
and storage of
carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or fossil fuels while preventing the carbon
dioxide
from being released into the.
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Producing electricity from coal, natural gas and biomass leads to the emission
of carbon
dioxide. The carbon dioxide capturing technologies are utilized to capture
carbon dioxide
from power plant stations or from the air/atmosphere. There are different
types of carbon
dioxide capture; pre-combustion, post-combustion, oxyfuel with post-
combustion, ambient
air capture, and biosequestration. The pre-combustion process converts fuel
into the
gaseous mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide. The hydrogen gas is separated
and can be
burnt without producing any carbon dioxide, and the carbon dioxide can then be
compressed for transport and storage. The post-combustion process separates
carbon
dioxide from combustion exhausted gases. The carbon dioxide can be captured
using a
liquid solvent or other separation methods. The oxyfuel combustion is use
oxygen rather
than air for the combustion of fuel. This produces exhaust gas that mainly
water vapour
and carbon dioxide, and then separates the carbon dioxide from the water
vapour. The
ambient air capture is a process of capturing carbon dioxide directly from
ambient air/
atmosphere/ and generating a concentrated stream of carbon dioxide for
sequestrating or
utilizing or production of carbon based products. The biosequestration capture
is
capturing and storing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere by plants and micro-
organisms
by continual or enhanced biological process.
Furthermore, based on the carbon dioxide separation techniques, there are
different kinds
of carbon dioxide capture techniques; the membrane separation, liquid
separation, solid
separation and cryogenic separation. The membrane separation techniques use
separation
membranes to concentrate carbon dioxide, the liquid separation techniques use
liquid
adsorbents such as amines or aqueous ammonia, the solid separation techniques
use solid
adsorbents such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, and the cryogenic
separation is the
separation of material at a temperature that is below the freezing point.
To capture carbon dioxide from environment or flue gas, most carbon capturing
technologies consume a huge amount of external energy. This is the main cause
to increase
the cost of the carbon dioxide capturing technologies. Therefore, to solve
this problem it is
very important to develop new and efficient carbon dioxide capturing and
electrical energy
producing technology by designing a new hybrid and integrated system. The
present
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invention is capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue gases, and
generating
electrical energy by itself.
Benefits of the present invention
The present invention captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue
gases, and the
invention creates a difference to reduce climate change, global warming, and
air pollution,
and at the same time which can increase the availability of energy from the
oil. In addition
to that, the present invention included an integrated system to produce
electrical energy
for output commercialization purposes. Direct capturing of carbon dioxide from
the
atmosphere is one of the excellent techniques to reduce carbon dioxide
emissions. The art
of the present invention is capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and
producing
electric power from the integrated system.
The objective of the present invention is;
i. Capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
ii. Generating electric power
iii. Creating economically viable carbon dioxide capturing and electric power
generating system
iv. minimizing external gird power consumption for carbon dioxide capturing
purpose
and utilizing from internally generated electric power
v. Increasing carbon dioxide capturing efficiency
vi. Increase electric power generating efficiency
In the present invention, several systems and techniques are hybrid, working
together and
integrated for the purpose of; carbon dioxide capturing and electric power
generating
system.
In the current invention, the integration of the various systems creates;
i. to increase in efficiency,
ii. to create new output; to capturing carbon dioxide and generating
electric power
iii. to create new cost-effective capturing carbon dioxide and generating
electric power
system.
Problem to be solved: - nowadays to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere
or flue
gas is an excellent way to treat carbon emission and climate change problems.
However,
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capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue gas consumes a lot of
external
energy. In most carbon capturing technologies, the electrical energy comes
from external
gird/sources. The high electric power consumption in carbon dioxide capturing
technologies is the most challenging part in most carbon dioxide capturing
technologies.
To address this problem, the current invention is designed to captures carbon
dioxide and
to generate electric power by itself. For the purpose of carbon dioxide
capturing and
electric power generating, the present invention comprises an integrated and
hybrid
system, techniques and processes. In the present invention, enough electric
power is
generated in the system. And to capture carbon dioxide, the system utilizes
electric power
from internally generated power. Furthermore, the generated electric power
from the
system is utilizes for external output power for commercialization purposes.
Some of the solved problems by the current invention are;
1. To reduce external power consumption for carbon dioxide capturing process.
by
95%, and instead of that generating Electric power from the integrated system,
2. To increase the carbon dioxide absorption rate. The carbon dioxide reactor
core
system unit and tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit, designed
to
utilize exhausted waste heat from hydrogen gas turbine and solid oxide fuel
cells. To
utilize the exhaust waste heat; the exhaust waste heat circulates in the
carbon
dioxide reactor core system unit and tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system unit. When the temperature of the reactants increase, the absorption
rate
and reaction rate of carbon dioxide also increase. Therefore, to increase the
temperature of the gases inside of the carbon dioxide reactor core system unit
and
carbon dioxide capturing tree system utilizes exhausted waste heat, and it
does not
need to install the electric heater. Instead, the present systems use heat
energy from
waste heat, the waste heat flows through the carbon dioxide reactor core and
tree
fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system. And increase the temperature of the
gases inside of the carbon dioxide reactor core and tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system. When the temperature of the gases increase the absorbing
rate of
carbon dioxide in sodium hydroxide solution increase and the efficiency also
parallel
increased. Therefore, the present invention utilizes
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exhausted waste heat to increase the efficiency of the carbon dioxide
capturing
rate.
The philosophy of the invention is; capturing carbon dioxide and at the same
time
generating electric power and this creates to reduce carbon emission impacts
in our
environment. In the present system, it produces a large amount of electrical
power, with
zero Carbone emission and zero air pollutions. This helps to create a
difference in
improving climate change and global warming problems.
In the brief description part of the present invention, the terms of carbon
dioxide reactor
core is equal meaning with carbon dioxide reactor chamber, the hydrogen gas
turbine is
equal meaning with hydrogen gas combustion turbine, the meaning of "carbon
dioxide
capturing tree" is the same term as "tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system", and
means the carbon dioxide capturing machine is having tree structure, the word
integrated
is meaning with working to gather or connected or fixed or mounted.
For purposes of clarity, the description of the invention is divided into the
form of a unit of
systems. The combination and integration of all units of systems create the
carbon dioxide
capturing and electrical energy producing system invention. And in each unit
of the system;
the processes, arrangements, physical structures, methods, and systems are
briefly
described.
Other aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become apparent
from the
following detailed description when considered in conjunction with the
accompanying
drawings. For purposes of clarity, some common or known systems, knowledge,
parts, and
arrangements are not described. Nor is every component of the embodiment of
the
invention described or shown where illustrations not necessary to allow those
of ordinary
skill in the art to understand the invention. For purposes of clarity, some
common
components or known systems are not labeled in every figure.
In a different way, the present invention uses as a power plant which means to
produce
electric power, from water/hydrogen. At the same time, the system captures Co2
from the
environment. Due to these facts, the current invention is an environmentally
friendly
green-energy invention. For the benefit of human being, the core principle of
the present
invention is; "capturing carbon emission from the environment and producing
electrical
energy by itself".
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Summary of the present invention
The current invention relates to the apparatuses and methods for capturing
carbon dioxide
and generating electrical power from the integrated system. The art of the
invention
creates to increasing the efficiency of electricity production from the
system, and to boost
the carbon dioxide reaction systems by designing an efficient reactor core. In
the present
invention, a lot of different techniques, systems, and processes are
integrated, embedded,
and working together. The description of the present invention focuses on the
new way of
the art and skills of the carbon dioxide capturing and electric power
generating system.
The current invention comprising;
(a) non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit; to generating electric power
from hydrogen
and oxygen gases,
(b) Ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit; to generating electric power from
ionized
hydrogen and oxygen gases,
(c) hybrid thermoelectric-generator and solid oxide fuel cell unit; for
cogenerating
electrical power from hydrogen-oxygen solid oxide fuel cell and from waste
heat
which released from the solid oxide fuel cell
(d) Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit /carbon dioxide
capturing tree
unit/; to extracting and capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and the
physical structure of carbon dioxide capturing system unit is fashioned as a
tree
structure.
(e) The hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit is; to produce
uninterrupted hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and to feeding hydrogen gas to the
other parts of the present invention.
(f) Electrolysis of brine unit: for producing sodium hydroxide to carbon
dioxide reactor
core, and for producing hydrogen and chlorine gases for hybrid hydrogen-
chlorine
fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core system unit
(g) hybrid hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core
system unit;
for generating electrical power from output chlorine gas, and to powered
carbon
dioxide reactor core by hydrogen chlorine fuel cell, and to converting Co2 gas
into
carbonate outputs, and to reduce the consumption of electrical power by carbon
dioxide reactor core
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(h) a
waste recovery system unit; to utilize the energy of exhaust heat from
hydrogen
gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell, hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell, and carbon
dioxide
reactor core. The waste heat recovery system unit uses to recover waste heat,
and
utilized to drive an additional steam turbine, and generate additional
electric power.
The present invention comprises different "other alternative systems", for
example; the
ionized hydrogen gas turbine having the other alternative embodiment of non-
ionized
hydrogen gas turbine, the carbon dioxide reactor core having the other
alternative
embodiment of the carbon dioxide reactor core.
Furthermore, the present invention of the carbon dioxide and electrical energy
producing
system comprises three different other alternative embodiments. The other
three
alternative embodiments create different choices with different kinds of
products for
customers. The other three alternative embodiments of the invention include
different
alternative embodiments, and each embodiment has different arrangements,
integrations,
efficiencies, and costs.
The carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy producing system wherein a
hydrogen
gas turbine unit, hybrid thermoelectric-generator solid oxide fuel cell unit,
solar hybrid
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit, hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell
with carbon
dioxide reactor core unit and waste heat recovery system units are physically
or
electrically or mechanically coupled and integrated each other. The hybrid and
integration
of a variety units of systems create to achieve the objective of capturing
carbon dioxide and
generating electrical power from the system.
The descriptions of the current processes, integrations, hybrids, and methods,
are
exemplary and non-limiting. Certain Substitutions, modifications, and/ or
rearrangements
over the present invention are disclosed by the owner of the invention.
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Brief description of the drawing
Fig.1. A system and apparatus of a carbon dioxide capturing and electrical
energy
producing invention- with non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine.
Fig.2. A system and apparatus of a carbon dioxide capturing and electrical
energy
producing invention- with ionized hydrogen gas turbine.
Fig 3.ionized hydrogen gas turbine system unit
Fig 4. The resonant radiation emitters diode array
Fig 5.Hydrogen/oxygen gas ionization system
Fig 6.Hydrogen burning rate regulators and sensors in ionized hydrogen gas
turbine
fig 7. Hydrogen burning rate regulators and sensors in non-ionized hydrogen
gas turbine
Fig 8. Arrangements and integrations of hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and
thermoelectric
generator unit with other unit systems
Fig 9. Hybrid solid oxide fuel cell and thermoelectric generator unit system
Fig 10. Arrangements and integrations of hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas
generator unit
with another unit systems
Fig 11.Hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator unit
Fig 12. Arrangements and integrations of hybrid carbon dioxide reactor core
and
hydrogen-chlorine gas fuel cell unit with another unit systems
Fig 13. Hybrid carbon dioxide reactor core and hydrogen-chlorine gas fuel cell
unit
Fig 14.carbon dioxide reactor core parts
Fig 15. The other alternative embodiment of carbon dioxide reactor core
Fig 16A. Arrangements and integrations of waste heat generator system unit
with another
unit system
Fig 16B. Arrangements and integrations of waste heat generator system unit
with steam
turbine unit and another unit system
Fig 17. Waste heat generator system unit
Fig 18. The other alternative embodiment of a waste heat generator system unit
Fig 19. Arrangements and integrations of tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing system
unit with another unit system
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Fig 20.Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit/carbon dioxide
capturing tree
unit/
Fig 21. The other alternative embodiment-one of the "carbon dioxide capturing
and energy
generating system" unit
Fig 22. The other alternative embodiment tree fashioned direct carbon dioxide
capturing
process
Fig 23. Tree fashioned direct carbon dioxide capturing process design; for the
other
alternative embodiment-one, embodiment-two, and embodiment three of "carbon
dioxide
capturing and energy generating system" units
Fig 24. The other alternative embodiment-two of the "carbon dioxide capturing
and energy
generating system" unit
Fig 25. The other alternative embodiment-three of the "carbon dioxide
capturing and
energy generating system" unit
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Detailed Descriptions of the Invention
The current invention relates to the apparatuses and methods for capturing
carbon dioxide
and generating electrical power and the integrated system comprises the unit
systems of;
(a) non- ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit; to generating electric power
from hydrogen
and oxygen gases,
(b) Ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit; to generating electric power from
ionized
hydrogen and oxygen gases,
(c) hybrid thermoelectric-generator and solid oxide fuel cell unit; for
cogenerating
electrical power from hydrogen-oxygen solid oxide fuel cell and from waste
heat
which released from the solid oxide fuel cell
(d) tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unit; to extracting and capturing
carbon
dioxide from the atmosphere, and the physical structure of the carbon dioxide
capturing system unit is fashioned as a tree structure.
(e) hybrid solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system unit is; to produce
uninterrupted hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and to feeding hydrogen gas to the
other parts of the present invention.
(f) Electrolysis of brine unit: for producing sodium hydroxide to carbon
dioxide reactor
core, and for producing hydrogen and chlorine gases for hybrid hydrogen-
chlorine
fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core system unit
(g) hybrid hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core
system unit;
for generating electrical power from output chlorine gas, and to powered
carbon
dioxide reactor core by hydrogen chlorine fuel cell, and to converting Co2 gas
into
carbonate outputs, and to reduce the consumption of electrical power by carbon
dioxide reactor core.
(h) a waste recovery system unit; to utilize the energy of exhaust heat
from hydrogen
gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell, hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell, and from
carbon
dioxide reactor core. The waste heat recovery system unit uses to recover
waste
heat, and utilized to drive an additional steam turbine, and generate
additional
electric power.
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Hydrogen gas turbine unit;
A. Ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit;
In the one embodiment of the present invention, the carbon dioxide capturing
and electric
power generating system comprises the ionized gas turbine unit system for
generating
electric power from ionized hydrogen and oxygen. And the ionized gas turbine
unit system
at least comprises; hydrogen gas and oxygen gas sources, automatic hydrogen
gas
regulator, oxygen and ambient gases mixing regulator, hydrogen and oxygen
resonant
cavity, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, compressor, turbine, combustor,
and electric
generator. In the embodiment of the present invention, a gas turbine utilizes
as hydrogen
gas turbine, and to control the combustion rate and to increase the efficiency
of hydrogen
gas turbine the above certain parts are connected and integrated with it.
The ionized gas turbine system unit the oxygen and hydrogen gases are ionized
before the
gases flow to the combustor. The oxygen and hydrogen gases ionized in the
resonant cavity
15 as illustrated in fig 2. And the ionized oxygen and hydrogen ignited in the
combustor
16.
As illustrated in fig 2, Oxygen 10 and hydrogen 11 gases interred into
different resonant
cavities 15, and the oxygen and hydrogen gases ionizes through high voltage
and laser
energy stimulation, and they become ionized, and the ionized gases of oxygen
and
hydrogen atoms interred into combustion, in the combustion area oxygen and
hydrogen
atoms contacted and ignited through igniters in the combustion, finally, high
thermal
explosive energy is produced, the energy level of ionized hydrogen and oxygen
atoms
burning is dramatically increased, than normal oxygen and hydrogen gases
burning state.
The high thermal explosive energy drives the gas turbine 19 and lastly, it
produces
electrical energy 20. To ionize oxygen and hydrogen gases a series of
ultraviolet or infrared
light emitting diodes 40 are assembled with Series and parallel, as
illustrated in fig 3 and fig
4. Furthermore, concentrate lenses 47 are assembled in the internal part of
the resonant
cavity 15. Additionally, high voltage positive plate 41 and negative plate 48
are assembled
inside of the resonant cavity. When the oxygen gas and hydrogen gases exposed
to
concentrated laser energy/radiation 40 and to the high voltage positive plate
41 and
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negative plates 48, the gases become partially ionized, and the energy level
of the gases is
increased when combusted in the combustion.
In the embodiment of fig 4, light-emitting diodes 40 arranged in a Cluster-
Array, provides
and emits a narrow band of IR/x-ray/Uv-ray light energy fig-- into the voltage
stimulated
hydrogen gas, as illustrated in Figure 3 as to Figure 4
The absorbed Laser Energy (Electromagnetic Energy) by hydrogen gas fig 5
causes many
atoms to lose electrons while highly energizing the liberated combustible gas
ions before
and during thermal gas-ignition.
The exposing the displaced and moving combustible gas atoms passing through
Gas
Resonant Cavity 15 at higher voltage levels plates 41 & 48 causes more
electrons to be
"pulled away" or "dislodged" from the gas atoms, as illustrated in Figure 5.
The absorbed
laser energy "deflects" the electrons away from the gas atom nucleus during
voltage-pulse
off-time. As illustrated in fig 3 the high voltage driver circuit 49 produces
more than 15
kilovolt and the produced high voltage is supplied to the positive and
negative plates
wherein the resonant cavity fig 15 to ionize the gases. The recurring positive
voltage-pulse
fig 5 attracts the liberated negative electrically charged electrons 55 to
positive voltage
zone 47 While, at the same time, the pulsating negative electrical voltage
potential 48
attracts the positive electrical charged nucleus 56. The Positive Electrical
Voltage Field 48
and Negative Electrical Voltage Fields 47 are triggered "Simultaneously"
during the same
duty-pulse.
Electron Extraction system fig 5 removes, captures, and consumes the
"dislodged"
electrons (from the gas atoms) to cause the gas atoms to go into and reach
"Critical State",
forming highly energized combustible gas atoms having missing electrons.
The absorbed Laser energy 40 weakens the "Electrical Bond" between the orbital
electrons
and the nucleus of the atoms; while, at the same time, electrical attraction-
force, being
stronger than "Normal" due to the lack of covalent electrons. "Locks Onto" and
"Keeps" the
hydrogen electrons. These "abnormal" or "unstable" conditions cause the
combustible gas
ions to overcompensate and breakdown into thermal explosive energy. By simply
attenuating or varying voltage amplitude in direct relationship to voltage
pulse-rate
determines Atomic Power-Yield under the controlled state.
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In combustion 16 high thermal explosive energy is released. As maintained
above, exposing
hydrogen and oxygen gases separately into two different resonant cavities to
laser energy
and high voltage potential causes to increase the output energy level in the
combustion.
Finally, combustible gas ions ignited in the combustion through thermal sparks
and causes
releasing thermal explosive energy beyond the gas-flame Stage, and the thermal
explosive
energy 46 flows to the turbine, as illustrated in Figure 3.
The hydrogen, oxygen, and non-combustible gas injection process;
As illustrated fig 6 and fig 7, in both embodiments which means in non-ionized
hydrogen
gas turbine system unit fig 2 and in ionized hydrogen gas turbine system unit
fig 2
comprising the following methods and process; the injecting and intermixing of
non-
combustible gas (non-burnable ambient gas) with the -'burnable" gas-mixture 10
"changes" or "alters" the "Burn-Rate" of hydrogen in the combustion.
Increasing the
volume-amount of non-Combustible gas 17 diminishes and/or decreases the "Burn-
Rate"
of the gas-mixture hydrogen and oxygen gases. With this mechanism, the burning-
rate of
hydrogen in the combustion is constant through "gas mixing-regulator 17 or 9
and adjuster
to intermixing of the non-combustible gases.
In terms of operational performance, the non-burnable gas "restricts" the
speed of the
burning-rate hydrogen atoms and the oxygen atom in the combustion. The "gas
restricting
process" is, of course, applicable to any type or combination of burnable
gases or burnable
gas mixture.
The gas mixing regulator And Flame Temperature Adjuster;
In both embodiments of non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine system unit fig 2 and
ionized
hydrogen gas turbine system unit fig 1comprises the methods of; the gas mixing
regulator
and the flame temperature adjustment.
Fundamentally, the hydrogen gas turbine allows the "Burn-Rate" of hydrogen to
be
"Changed" or "adjusted" from 325 cm/sec to 42 cm/sec, and the combustion
temperature
adjusted from 1000 to 5000 degree f, but not limited. The combustion
temperature
adjusted and fixed at a suitable temperature of the combustion turbine 16. The
gas flame-
temperature remains constant with the constant gas flow-rate of the combustion
gases.
Temperature sensor 7 is mounted in the combustion, and pressure sensor 6 also
mounted
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in the gas turbine to give feedback for "automatic hydrogen gas flow
controller 14, and
finally to control the burning rate of the hydrogen. Continual the feedback
and control of
the temperature in the combustion and the pressure in the gas turbine is,
hereinafter,
called "The Gas Combustion Stabilization Process" creates uniform combustion
temperature. As illustrated fig 6 and fig 7 the regulating system works with
the integration
of automatic hydrogen gas flow controller 14, with the temperature sensor 7,
and the
pressure sensor in the combustion 16.
Thereafter the automatic hydrogen gas flow controller 14, controls the flow
rate of
hydrogen gas and controls the burring rate and regulates the out power of the
hydrogen
gas tribune. Automatically, the gas "Combustion Stabilization Process" changes
the "Burn-
Rate" of the hydrogen gases and obtaining the favourite gas-flame temperature.
When the
amount of hydrogen flow to the combustion increase, the burning-rate increase,
and the
amount of temperature in the combustion increase, and the pressure in gas
turbine also
increase. The amount of hydrogen gas flow is directly proportional to the
burning-rate.
In other embodiment, to control the burning-rate of hydrogen in the
combustion, the Gas-
Mixing regulator 9 system mixes the oxygen gas 10, with non-combustion ambient
gases.
The "gas-Mixing Regulator 9 fitted in the outer top of oxygen gas and ambient
gas cylinders.
The "Gas-Mixing Regulator" 9 mixes non-combustion ambient gases with the
desired
amount of oxygen gases, and the mixed gases finally supplied to combustion.
And the mixed
gases burn with hydrogen gas in the combustion. The "gas-mixing regulator
works with
integration of temperature sensor, pressure sensor, and automatic hydrogen gas
regulator.
Based on the continuous feedback from the temperature sensor, pressure sensor,
and
automatic hydrogen gas regulator, the gas mixing regulator 9 mixes the desired
amount of
oxygen 10 with non-combustible ambient gases. When the amount of oxygen in the
mixed
gas is higher, the burning-rate also increases. The amount of oxygen in the
mixed gas is
directly proportional to the burning-rate. This system supplies a uniform gas-
mixture to
combustion 9, and it plays a vital role in hydrogen burning-rate regulation.
The ionized hydrogen gas turbine fig 2 utilizes ionized hydrogen 44 or ionized
oxygen 43
or both ionized gases. As illustrated in fig 2, fig 3, fig 4, and fig 5 the
method of generating
power from ionized hydrogen combustion gas turbine, comprising the steps of:
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i. producing sodium hydroxide from brine electrolysis 30, by using sodium
hydroxide
31 producing hydrogen and oxygen gases from hydrogen-oxygen generator 24,
ii. regulating hydrogen 14, oxygen 13 and non-combustion ambient gases 17,
iii. Ionize oxygen and hydrogen gases through resonant cavities 16,
iv. burning ionized hydrogen atom in ionized oxygen atom and ambient gases in
combustion 16, and thereby generating a source of super high-temperature gas
46,
and driving one or more gas turbines 19 with the super high-temperature gas to
generate electrical power 20 or to drive a shaft for some useful.
The generated electric power from this system utilizes for external output
electric energy
supplies and for running the internal systems of the carbon dioxide capturing
process.
As illustrated in fig 2 and fig 1, the method of generating power from the
ionized and non-
ionized hydrogen combustion gas turbine system works with the integration of
other units
of the carbon dioxide capturing and producing electrical energy system
invention. And the
ionized and non-ionized hydrogen combustion gas turbine system units at least
integrated
with the other system units of;
i. hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell unit 21 & 24; to produce hydrogen
and
oxygen gases for ionized or non-ionized hydrogen combustion gas turbine system
units
ii. waste heat recovery system unit 39,8 & 25: to convert exhaust waste heat
from
ionized or non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine system units
iii. Hybrid of Carbon dioxide reactor core and hydrogen chlorine fuel cell
unit 33 & 32;
to utilize exhaust waste heat from ionized or non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine
system units and to increase carbon dioxide absorbing rate.
iv. Carbon dioxide capturing system unit 38: the carbon dioxide absorber and
regeneration part of the carbon dioxide capturing system unit utilizes
exhausted
waste heat released from an ionized or non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine system
to
increase to capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue gases.
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B. Non-Ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit
The carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy producing system invention
comprising
non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine system unit fig 1 for generating electrical
power from
hydrogen and the other alternative embodiment system comprising: hydrogen gas
11 and
oxygen gas 10 sources, automatic hydrogen gas regulator 13, oxygen and ambient
gases
mixing regulator 9, temperature sensor 6, pressure sensor 7, compressor 18,
turbine 19,
combustor 16 and electric generator 20. The non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine
system fig 1
utilizes the same thing as illustrated in the above in the ionized hydrogen
gas turbine, the
difference is; in the ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit fig 2 utilizes
hydrogen and oxygen
ionizer resonant cavity to stimulate the hydrogen and oxygen gases. But, in
the non-ionized
hydrogen gas turbine unit fig 1 and fig 7 does not utilizes hydrogen and
oxygen ionizer
resonant cavity, it uses directly hydrogen and oxygen gases to run the
turbine.
Hydrogen is combusted into oxygen to generate extremely high temperature gas.
The
hydrogen is produced from both brine electrolysis 30 and from hydrogen-oxygen
generator fig 2 of 24. To produce hydrogen and oxygen gas from the hydrogen-
oxygen
generator it utilizes sodium hydroxide 31 which produced in the electrolysis
of sodium
chloride 30. The automatic hydrogen gas regulator 13, oxygen and ambient gases
mixing
regulator 9, temperature sensor 6 and pressure sensor 7 utilizes to control to
regulate the
burning rate of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas in the combustion 16, the same as
described
in the above in ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit fig 2.
By feeding the combustion generated gas 46 directly into gas turbine 19,
unprecedented
high conversional efficiency of electricity is achieved, and the generated
electric power
utilized for carbon dioxide capturing process and for output power
commercialization.
As illustrated in fig-1 and fig-3 the hydrogen combustion gas turbine system
comprises a
source of hydrogen 11, a Source of oxygen 10, a combustor 16. the super high
temperature
gas 46 exhaust from the combustor 16, and super high temperature gas turbine
19, and an
electric generator 20.
Instead of ionized hydrogen gas turbine the other alternative embodiment
utilizes a
non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine as illustrated in fig 1 and the system
directly burning
hydrogen 11 and oxygen 10 gases in combustion 16 and generate electric power.
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In the other alternative embodiment of non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine uses
directly
hydrogen and oxygen gases as illustrated in fig 1, and fig 7, and the method
of generating
power from non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine, comprising the steps of:
i. producing sodium hydroxide from brine electrolysis 30, by using sodium
hydroxide
producing hydrogen 11 and oxygen 10 gases from hydrogen-oxygen generator 24,
ii. Regulating hydrogen, oxygen and non-combustion ambient gases,
iii. burning hydrogen gas in mixed oxygen and ambient gases, in combustion and
thereby generating a Source of Super high temperature gas 46 and driving one
or
more gas turbines with the Super high temperature gas to generate electrical
power
or to drive a shaft for some useful.
Hybrid thermoelectric-generator Solid oxide fuel cell unit
A carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy producing system comprises a
"hybrid
thermoelectric generator and solid oxide fuel cell system" as illustrated in
fig 8 & fig 9, for
cogenerating electrical power from hydrogen-oxygen and from waste heat which
released
from solid oxide fuel cell. As illustrated in fig 9 the hybrid thermoelectric
generator and
solid oxide fuel cell system is the combination of thermoelectric generator 27
and fuel cell
techniques 26. In this embodiment, the combination of thermoelectric generator
27 and
fuel cell techniques are very useful to increase the production of electrical
energy and to
get maximum efficiency of electric power, from the system. In the present
system, as
illustrated in fig 8 & fig 9 the hybrid thermoelectric generator and Solid
oxide fuel cell
Cogenerates electrical energy 61 from thermoelectric generator 27 and Solid
oxide fuel cell
26 at maximum thermodynamics efficiencies. The Solid oxide fuel cell 26
generates electric
power based on a chemical reaction between a fuel /hydrogen/ 66 and an
oxidizer /oxygen
or ambient air/ 60. The Solid oxide fuel cell /SOFC/ 26 comprising cathode 67
and anode
68 and based on a chemical reaction between a fuel /hydrogen/ 66 and an
oxidizer
/oxygen or ambient air/ 60 produces electric power. The Solid oxide fuel cell
/SOFC/ 26
also generates a high temperature of heat energy 57 as a byproduct of the
chemical
reaction. The average waste heat temperature from Solid oxide fuel cell /SOFC/
is from
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50000 to 100000. And this high temperature waste heat 57 & 65 uses to generate
additional electrical energy.
In the current embodiment fig 9 the waste heat 57 & 65 from "Solid oxide fuel
cell
/SOFC/" converts into electrical energy by using two different systems and
arrangements,
i.e. some amount of the waste heat 57 is directed into thermoelectric
generator 27 and
produce additional electrical energy, and the rest of waste heat 65 from SOFC
directed to
waste heat recovery generator 39, and generate additional electric power
through steam
turbine 8. Therefore, the exhausted waste heat from solid oxide fuel cell 26
is utilizing to
generate electrical energy through thermoelectric generator system 27 and
through waste
heat recovery system unit 39. The waste heat recovery system unit 39 generates
pressurized steam and the steam drives steam turbine 8 and generates electric
power 25.
The thermoelectric generator 27 generates electric power by routing exhaust
waste heat
57 from the solid oxide fuel cell 26. The exhaust waste heat inters into a hot
side of the
thermoelectric generator and routing cold intake gases from the ambient air
into a cold
side of the thermoelectric generator as illustrated in fig 9. The
thermoelectric generator
produces electric energy based on a temperature differential experienced
across the
thermoelectric electrodes 58 & 57. The amount or rate of electric energy
generation by a
thermoelectric generator may depend on the magnitude of the temperature
differential
across it. When the temperature difference in the thermoelectric generator
increase, the
magnitude of the production of electrical energy also increases.
In summery the hybrid of solid oxide fuel cell and thermoelectric generator
system fig 8
working with integration of other system units. The "Carbone dioxide capturing
and
Electrical energy producing system" comprising the "hybrid thermoelectric
generator and
Solid oxide fuel Cell" unit systems to cogenerating electric power at maximum
efficiency. As
illustrated in fig 8 and fig 9 and the system of cogenerating power from
"Hybrid
Thermoelectric generator and Solid oxide Fuel cell" comprising the steps of:
producing
sodium hydroxide from brine electrolysis 30, by using sodium hydroxide
producing
hydrogen and oxygen gases from hydrogen-oxygen generator 24, directing
hydrogen and
oxygen gases to solid oxide fuel cell 26, the solid oxide fuel cell generates
electric power
based on a chemical reaction between hydrogen and an oxidizer /oxygen or
ambient air/
67 & 68 and it produces heat energy 57 as a byproduct, routing some amount of
waste heat
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57 released from solid oxide fuel cell 26 into thermoelectric generator 27 and
producing
additional electrical energy from waste heat.
furthermore, routing the reset waste heat 65 which released from solid oxide
fuel cell 26
directed into waste heat recovery system in 39, and waste heat recovery system
creates hot
steam, and utilized to drive an additional steam turbine, and produce
additional electrical
energy waste heat.
Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system unit
As illustrated in fig 10 and 11 the "Co2 capturing and electrical energy
producing system"
comprises the "Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system unit" fig 11.
The
"Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system" unit comprises; solar-
based
hydrogen-oxygen generator 24 and internal power sources based hydrogen-oxygen
generator 5.
The main objective of the Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system
unit is; to
produce uninterrupted hydrogen gas and oxygen gas, and to feeding hydrogen gas
to the
other parts of the system.
To start-up, the system, some cells of hydrogen-Oxygen gas generators 24 are
powered by
solar energy 21 to produce initial hydrogen and oxygen gases. And the rest
cells of
hydrogen-Oxygen gas generators 5 are powered from internal sources of
electrical energy
28 as shown in fig 11. In the other way, the partial hydrogen-oxygen gas
generator cells are
powered by solar energy.
The importance of the "Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system" is
to reserve
energy to start-up the system, or for start-up "Co2 capturing and electrical
energy
producing system". The operation of the invention utilizes start-up energy
from solar 21;
the solar energy powers to hydrogen-oxygen gases generator 24 to produces
hydrogen and
oxygen gases. Some "hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator cells" 24 are powered by
solar energy
and the hydrogen-Oxygen gas generators produce hydrogen 22 and oxygen 23
gases. The
produced hydrogen and oxygen gases are stored in the hydrogen tanks 11 and
oxygen gas
tanks 10 respectively. When the "Co2 capturing and electrical energy producing
system"
needs to start-up the system; it utilizes the stored hydrogen and oxygen gases
from the
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tankers 10 & 11. And the hydrogen gas turbine 19 utilizes the stored hydrogen
and oxygen
gases to start the production of electric power. And the produced electrical
energy utilizes;
a) to operate the rest of hydrogen-oxygen gas generator cells 5 and produce
more
hydrogen and oxygen gases, b) to operate the other systems of "Co2 capturing
and
electrical energy producing system". Furthermore, electric power is produced
from one or
more hydrogen gas turbines. The power utilizes for output commercial purposes.
Likewise,
the present invention produces megawatts of electric power and the present
system uses
as a power plant.
To produce hydrogen and oxygen gases through the "Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen
gas
generator system" fig 10 & fig 11 uses sodium hydroxide base 31 which is
processed from
the electrolysis of brine unit 30.
The solar hybrid hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system, produces hydrogen and
oxygen gases from water. By the method of electrolysis, the water molecules
split into
hydrogen and oxygen gases. As illustrated in fig 11, hydrogen is produced in
cathode 69,
and oxygen is produced in the anode 70 part of the Hydrogen -oxygen generator
cell
system. The hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system comprising: a source of
electrical
energy from solar 21, cathode 69 and anode 70 electrodes, and electrolysis
alkali chemicals
like sodium hydroxide 31 or potassium hydroxide base or any other alkali base.
The
"Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system" works with integrating
other
systems of the "Co2 capturing and electrical energy producing system". The
Hydrogen and
oxygen gases are produced from "Hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator
system"
unit fig 10 & fig 11 and the Hydrogen and oxygen gases utilizes to operate
hydrogen gas
turbine 19 and produce electric power 20 from the system.
In this embodiment, the sodium hydroxide base 31 which produced in the
electrolysis of
brine unit 31 utilizes for a dual purpose; one is utilized for carbon dioxide
reactor core unit
33 or for tree fashioned Co2 capturing system unit 38 to converting carbon
dioxide into
useful carbonate products, and the second is utilizes for electrolysis to
produce hydrogen
and oxygen gases from water 6 & 24. Therefore, the sodium hydroxide base
utilizes for
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator 6& 24 to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases.
Lastly,
Hydrogen and oxygen gases stored in hydrogen tanks 11 and oxygen tanks 10 and
utilizes
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to produce electrical energy through the gas turbine system 19. The hydrogen
and oxygen
gases utilize to operate solid oxide fuel cells and uses to run other parts of
the system.
In the present system, the hydrogen gas is produced from two sources; one is
from the
hybrid Solar hydrogen-Oxygen gas generator system fig 11, and the second is
from the
brine electrolysis system 30. In the brine electrolysis unit 30 hydrogen gas
is produced
from the cathode part of the electrolysis and chlorine gas is produced from
the anode part
of the electrolysis.
In some embodiments of the invention, the hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas
generator
system works with integrating other systems of the Co2 capturing and
electrical energy
producing system, such as;
i. Hydrogen gas turbine unit: the hydrogen and oxygen gases are produced from
hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit fig 11 and fig 10 and
the
produced hydrogen and oxygen gases utilize to generate electrical power
through
hydrogen gas turbine unit system
ii. Hybrid thermoelectric generator solid oxide fuel cell unit; to generate
electric power
and heat energy through the solid oxide fuel cell the system utilizes hydrogen
and
oxygen gases from hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit
system
fig 10 & fig 11.
iii. Electrolysis of brine unit: to generate hydrogen and oxygen gases, the
hybrid solar
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit utilizes sodium hydroxide from the
electrolysis of brine unit 30,
In other embodiment of the hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system
unit
utilizes potassium hydroxide and other alkali bases.
As described in other units of the co2 capturing and electrical energy
producing system,
enough electric power is generated from hydrogen gas turbine, hybrid
thermoelectric
generator unit, and waste recovery system unit. Therefore, the electrolysis of
brine unit 30,
and the other hydrogen-oxygen gas generator 24 wherein the hybrid solar
hydrogen-
oxygen gas generator system unit is powered from internally generated electric
power.
The hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator system unit comprises the
processes and
steps of:
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i. Producing electrical energy from solar 21 and powering some parts of
hydrogen-
oxygen gas generator cells 5
ii. Producing hydrogen 22 and oxygen 23 gases from the hydrogen-oxygen
generator,
by using electrolysis of sodium hydroxide 31 or other alkali bases.
iii. Storing energy in the form hydrogen 11,
iv. Routing Hydrogen and oxygen gases to hydrogen gas turbine 19 and start the
operation and produce electric power 20 from the system,
v. Storing and distributing electric power,
vi. Powering the rest of hydrogen-oxygen gas generator cells 24 and produce
enough
amount of hydrogen 22 and oxygen gases 23 and continuing the operation of the
system.
The Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit
In the other embodiment of carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy
producing
system invention comprises a tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unit fig
21 of 125, or
fig 20, for extracting and capturing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or
flue gases 71.
And the physical structure of a carbon dioxide capturing system unit is
fashioned as a tree
structure as illustrated in fig 20.
In the present invention, the objectives of the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit are;
i. To utilize waste heat: the carbon dioxide absorbing/separating step, and
regeneration step, utilizes waste exhausting heat which relisted from solid
oxide
fuel cell unit or hydrogen gas turbine unit,
ii. To design a unique, less cost-effective, easily implemented,
attractive, and high-
efficiency carbon dioxide capturing system unit. The physical structure of the
present system of a carbon dioxide capturing system unit is fashioned like a
tree.
Which means the carbon dioxide capturing system machine is having a tree
physical
structure.
iii. To reduce high external electric power consumption: the carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit works with the integration of other units of the system. As
described in
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the other units of the present invention, enough amount of electric power is
generated from hydrogen gas turbine unit 19, hybrid thermoelectric solid oxide
fuel
cell system unit 26 & 27 and waste heat recovery system unit 39 & 25.
Therefore,
the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit 38 is powered from
internal generated electric powers, and this solves the high external energy
consumption problem by carbon dioxide capturing system technologies.
The tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit comprises;
i. Exhausted waste heat-based heater 77; as shown in fig 20 the gases are
absorbed
from the atmosphere 71 through the fans 73, and the gases the absorber or
separator part. As shown in fig 20 the carbon dioxide absorbing/separating
step 76,
and the regeneration step 78 utilizes waste exhausted heat 79 which relisted
from
hybrid thermoelectric generator solid oxide fuel cell unit 26, from hydrogen
gas
turbine unit 19, and from waste heat recovery unit 39 & 8, as shown in fig 19
and fig
ii. Carbon dioxide solvents/sorbents/adsorbents chemicals 76: the system
utilizes
different methods to absorb and capture carbon dioxide, such as solid
absorbent,
adsorbents, and solvents as shown in fig 20 of 76.
iii. Carbon dioxide absorber part 76: as shown in fig 20 the ambient gases
containing
carbon dioxide gases are absorbed from the atmosphere 71 through the fans 73,
and
thereafter the gases heat up to the right temperature 77 for the absorber or
separator part. And the hot gases flow to the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents
76, and
the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents absorb carbon dioxide. The absorbing
efficiency
of the carbon dioxide depends on the temperature of the gases and solvents/
sorbents/ adsorbents absorb. To get maximum efficiency of carbon dioxide
capturing, the system utilizes waste heat. The waste heat uses to increase the
carbon
dioxide absorption rate in solvents/ sorbents/ adsorbents.
iv. Regeneration part 78; the reached solvents/sorbents/adsorbents 76 flows
into
regeneration part 78 and heat up, and thereafter the carbon dioxide gas 80 is
produced from the reached solvents/sorbents/adsorbents and the solvents/
sorbents/adsorbents become unreached. Therefore, the solvents/
sorbents/adsorbents are also produced for re-use. The produced solvents/
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sorbents/adsorbents are cooled through the cooler 84 which adapted in the base
of
the tree fashioned. Thereafter, the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents returned for
re-
use into carbon dioxide absorbing/separating part 76, in addition the produced
carbon dioxide gases pumped 81 and compressed 80 into carbon dioxide tanker
37.
v. Carbon dioxide compressor 81: utilizing to compressing and storing
Carbon dioxide
in the tanker 37.
There are different kinds of carbon dioxide capture techniques such as
solvents, sorbents,
membranes and cryogenics. The solvents separation techniques use liquid
adsorbents such
as amines, mono-ethanolamine, or aqueous ammonia. The membrane separation
technique
uses separation membranes to concentrate carbon dioxide, cryogenics technique
utilizes a
cooling and condensation system. The solid separation techniques use solid
adsorbents
such as alkali or alkaline earth metals, alkali carbonates like sodium
carbonate, potassium
carbonate and others.
In the present invention, the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system
unit utilizes
some of the following solvents or sorbents or adsorbents are listed as
follows;
i. Amines, mono-ethanolamine solvents, alkali metal base solvents like
potassium
hydroxide, sodium hydro oxide or calcium hydroxide, and other metal base
solvents,
or
ii. Solid sorbents/adsorbents such as; alkali metal carbonates; sodium
carbonate,
potassium carbonate or alkaline earth metals, solid amines and mono-
ethanolamine,
and zeolites based sorbents. But the system is not only limited to these
solvents/
sorbents/adsorbents. Furthermore, the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system unit also integrated, designed and working with a membrane-based carbon
dioxide capture system.
In the present invention, to precede the carbon dioxide absorbing/separating
step 76, and
the regeneration step 78, it utilizes waste heat.
As illustrated in fig 20, the system captures carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere 71, and to
absorb carbon dioxide it needs to heat-up the gases to the right temperature
for the
absorber or separator, and the system utilizes a waste heat-based heater 77.
The waste
heat-based heater 77 utilizes to increase the temperature of ambient gases and
solvents/
sorbents/adsorbents 76. The waste exhausted heat from hybrid thermoelectric
solid oxide
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fuel cell unit 26, from hydrogen gas turbine unit 19, and from waste heat
recovery system
unit 39 & 8 flows through pipe 79 to the heat exchange area 77, to create the
desired
temperature on the system. The waste heat gas flow through the external parts
of pipe 77,
and the carbon dioxide containing gases atmospheric gases flow through the
internal parts
of the pipes 76, and the gases inside the pipes become hot, to the right
temperature for the
absorber or separator part 76. And the hot gases flow into the absorber and
separator part
76, and the carbon dioxide is separated and absorbed through using different
solvents or
adsorbents or sorbent chemicals.
In the other embodiment of the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system
unit, the
system also absorbs carbon dioxide from flue gas. The released flue gas from
the factory
becomes to cool down through the heat exchangers adapted on it. The flue gases
cooler
part uses to cool down the flue gas to the right temperature for the absorber
or separator
part. The processes and systems of the carbon dioxide capturing from flue gas
are almost
the same as the carbon dioxide capturing from the atmosphere, and in the
present
invention, the processes and systems of the carbon dioxide capturing from the
atmosphere
are also utilized in the processes and systems of a carbon dioxide capturing
from flue
system.
As illustrated above, the present system, the carbon dioxide absorbing step 76
and
regeneration step 78 utilizes exhausted waste heat 79 which released from
hydrogen gas
turbine unit or hybrid thermoelectric generator solid oxide fuel cell unit,
waste heat
recovery system unit, as illustrated in fig 20 and fig 19. Due to this, the
present system of
having a unique physical structure and the system is designed to operate with
the
exhausted waste heat. And the tree fashioned present carbon dioxide capturing
system unit
is different from other carbon dioxide capturing technologies.
The purpose of heating ambient gases is; to increase the absorbing rate of
carbon dioxide
gas in solvents/absorbents or adsorbents.
As illustrated in fig 20 the next carbon dioxide capturing process is the
regeneration step.
As illustrated in fig 20, to capture carbon dioxide the system utilizes
different solvents,
absorbents, or adsorbents 76. As shown in fig 20 the carbon dioxide is
absorbed through
solvents/sorbents/adsorbents, the reached solvents/absorbents or adsorbents 76
flows
into the regeneration step 78. The reached solvents/absorbents or adsorbents
heat-up to
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produce carbon dioxide and to regenerate the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents for
re-use. To
heat-up the reached solvents/sorbents/adsorbents, the present system utilizes
exhausted
waste heat from hydrogen gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell and waste hear
recovery system
unit. As shown in fig 20, the carbon dioxide flows 80 into carbon dioxide
tanker 38 and the
carbon dioxide reactor core 33 utilizes carbon dioxide from tanker 38 as shown
in fig 19.
And the carbon dioxide reactor core 33 converts carbon dioxide into carbonate
and
bicarbonate byproducts 35.
Alternatively, the output waste heat from carbon dioxide absorber part 76 and
regeneration part 78 is returned into the waste heat recovery system unit to
generate
additional electric power
The tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unit fig 20 and fig 19 of 38 works
with
integration of different units of a carbon dioxide capturing and electrical
energy generating
system,
such as;
i. hydrogen gas turbine unit, hybrid thermoelectric solid oxide unit, and
waste heat
recovery generator system unit; to use exhausted waste heat for carbon dioxide
absorber part 76 and regeneration part 78
ii. Carbon dioxide reactor core unit; to capture and convert carbon dioxide
into useful
byproducts.
iii. Waste heat recovery system unit; the output waste heat from tree
fashioned carbon
dioxide capturing system unit is returned to the waste heat recovery system.
The
out-put waste heat is returned to recover waste heat released from the carbon
dioxide absorber part and regeneration part and utilizes to generate
additional
electric power. The waste heat recovery system 39 collects waste heat released
from
different parts, and units of the system. And the waste heat recovery system
changes
the waste heat into electric power.
As illustrated in fig 20, the physical structure and shape of the carbon
dioxide capturing
system unit is fashioned as a tree structure. As illustrated in fig 20, in the
ergonomics of leaf
type of fans 73 are functioning to suck carbon dioxide and ambient gases from
the
atmosphere 71.
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In the tree fashioned carbon dioxide tree fig 20 of 76 carbon dioxide
sorbents/adsorbents/solvents are adapted on it. In the fashioned trunk of the
tree
regeneration part 78 are adapted on it. In the circular base of the tree the
carbon dioxide
tanker 38 is adapted on it. And the color of the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit fig 22 is green or other colors.
In the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 22 at least
comprises; fans,
circulation pumps, heat exchangers, regeneration part, carbon dioxide absorber
part
(sorbents/adsorbents/solvents part), re-boiler, stripper, intercoolers Co2
pumps and
carbon dioxide tankers. And these parts are adapted and integrated on the tree
fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing system unit.
As described above, the carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy
generating system
invention comprises the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit
fig 21 of 135,
or 20. And, the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 20
comprises at
least the steps of;
i. By using the fans which adapted on the leaf of the tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing tree, absorb atmospheric gases from the atmosphere. If the carbon
dioxide is captured from flue gas, the flue gases directly flow into the
cooler part and
then next flow into the carbon dioxide separator/absorber part.
ii. Heating the atmospheric air in the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing, by
utilizing the waste heat
iii. Flowing the hot atmospheric air into carbon dioxide separator/absorber
part and
absorb carbon dioxide by utilizing solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents 78,
iv. Flowing the carbon dioxide reached solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents into the
regeneration part 78 in the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing tree
v. Heating the carbon dioxide reached solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents 78 and
produce
carbon dioxide. When the reached carbon dioxide solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents
heating up, the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents becomes unreached. Thereafter,
regenerate the solvents/ sorbents/adsorbents for re-use to the tree fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing unit
vi. Pumping and storing carbon dioxide gas into carbon dioxide tankers.
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In the present system, the carbon dioxide absorbing step 76 and regeneration
step 78 is
designed to operate with the exhausted waste heat. To process the carbon
dioxide
capturing wherein the carbon dioxide absorber part 76 and regeneration part 78
are
utilizes waste heat. As illustrated in fig 20, to proceeded the carbon
capturing processes;
wherein the ambient gas absorber fans 73, intercoolers,
solvents/sorbents/adsorbents 84,
circulation pumps, heat exchangers, re-boiler and stripper, pumps and other
parts of
carbon capturing unit are powered from internally generated electric power.
To capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue gas, most technology
utilizes a large
amount of external energy. The high energy consumption is a serious problem in
most
carbon dioxide capturing industries, and it raises the cost of carbon dioxide
capturing and
some of them are not economically viable. The current invention solves this
problem. The
present invention is designed to generate electric power by itself. The parts
of carbon
dioxide capturing unit are powered by internally generated electric power.
This reduces
the external electric power consumption highly, and the present invention is
easily
applicable and economically viable.
The hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core
unit
The other embodiment of carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy
producing
system comprises a "hybrid hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide
reactor
core system" unit fig 13 for generating electrical power from output chlorine
gas and at
the same time for dissolving and converting carbon dioxide gas into carbonate
outputs.
The objective of the "hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide
reactor core" is;
i. For producing electrical energy from brine electrolysis byproduct gases.
This
means; the hydrogen and chlorine gases are utilized to produce electrical
energy
through hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32.
ii. To power carbon dioxide reactor core by hydrogen chlorine fuel cell,
and to reduce
the consumption of electrical energy by carbon dioxide reactor core.
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iii. To convert carbon dioxide into sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate or
alkali
carbonates 35.
iv. To create a cost-efficient and energy-efficient carbon dioxide reactor
core. And,
finally to increase the value and efficiency of the "Co2 capturing and
electrical
energy producing system" invention.
In other embodiment of "Carbon dioxide capturing and Electrical energy
producing system"
fig 13 comprises; brine electrolysis system unit 30 and, sodium hydroxide 31,
hydrogen gas
85, and chlorine gases 86 supply. Hydrogen and chlorine gases utilized to
produce
electrical energy through hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32. The Hydrogen-
chlorine fuel cell is
an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel (hydrogen
85) and an
oxidizing agent (chlorine 86) into electricity through a pair of redox
reaction. As illustrated
in fig 13 the Chlorine and Hydrogen gases are supplied respectively through
the anode 89
and cathode gas 90 diffusion, and hydrogen chloride is produced, thereafter
the hydrogen
chloride reacts with water and converted into hydrochloric acid 36. In
particular,
hydrogen-chlorine gases exchange fuel cell that utilizes hydrogen as a fuel
and chlorine as
an oxidant.
As illustrated in fig 13 "hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and Carbone
dioxide reactor
core" system unit, the Hydrogen-Chlorine fuel cell 32 cogenerates electrical
energy and
hydrochloric acid is produced by-product. The generated power from the
hydrogen-
chlorine fuel cell utilizes for powering the carbon dioxide reactor core. The
generated
power from hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell is stored in battery 34 and the battery
further
comprises AC to Dc inverter. The hydrochloric acid produced in the hydrogen-
chlorine fuel
cell and the hydrochloric acid 35 utilizes for different chemical industries.
Therefore, the
byproduct hydrochloric acid creates additional income.
As illustrated in fig 13 the "hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and Carbone
dioxide reactor
core" system unit comprises the integrated systems and combination systems of
hydrogen
chlorine fuel cell 32 and carbon dioxide reactor core systems 33. The carbon
dioxide
reactor core system 33 converts carbon dioxide into carbonate and bicarbonate
byproducts35, and the system at least comprising;
i. a high pressure compressing system 91; to increase the pressure in the
reactor core
and to increase the reaction between carbon dioxide with an alkali base
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ii. a concentrated lather/ray emitters system 104; to emit radiation to the
carbon
dioxide and alkali base,
and carbon dioxide molecules are exposed to concentrated radiations, the
carbon dioxide
molecule bonds become vibrate and the kinetic energy of carbon dioxide
molecule bonds
increases and the system creates to increase the reaction rate of carbon
dioxide with alkali
base increase.
1. a heat-absorbing system/heat jacket/ 99 gi 98 ; some amount of waste heat
exhausted from hydrogen gas turbine is directed into the heat-absorbing
system,
wherein the external part of the carbon dioxide reactor core, and the waste
heat is
circulated into the body 101 of the reactor core and heat is absorbed by the
heat-
absorbing system, creates to increase the temperature inside of the reactor
core,
finally the system utilized to increase the reaction rate of carbon dioxide
with
sodium hydroxide.
As illustrated in fig 14 the lather/radiation emitters 104 are installed on
the top of the
reactor core and it has an automatic opening and clothing housing system 102
on it. In the
lather/radiation emitters system 104, the automatic controller and sensors are
integrated
to control the timing of Emitting radiations to the Co2 reactor core. These
controlling
systems and sensors are used to control and to follow the reaction procedure
on the
reactor. When the alkali base and carbon dioxides are ready in the reactor
core, the sensor
transfers signal to the light emitter lather/radiation emitters controller and
the
lather/radiation emitters start to emit concentrated radiations 104 to the
carbon dioxide
and alkali base 105. As shown in fig 14, to concentrate the light intensity,
lenses, or glasses
103 are installed with light emitters 104.
After the carbon dioxide molecules are exposed to concentrated radiations, the
carbon
dioxide molecule bonds become vibrate and the kinetic energy of carbon dioxide
molecule
bonds increases and at the end the reaction rate of carbon dioxide with alkali
base increase.
The emitting of concentrated radiations/laser to carbon dioxide creates to
increase the
reaction rate of carbon dioxide with an alkali base and this system plays its
own role to
increase the efficiency of carbon dioxide reactor core. The purpose of the
emitting of
concentrated radiations/laser to carbon dioxide is; to increase the reaction
rate of carbon
Page 30 of 49
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dioxide with an alkali base and converted into carbonates and sodium
bicarbonate
byproducts.
As illustrated in fig 14 the high pressure compressing system 91 installed at
the top of the
reactor core. The compressing system 91, compresses carbon dioxide with sodium
hydroxide, and increase the pressure and finally increase the reaction rate of
carbon
dioxide with sodium hydro oxide.
The high pressure compressing system 91 installed at the top of the reactor
and the system
comprises; integrated automatic controlling system, compressing system 91, and
sensors
installed on it. The integrated automatic controlling system 91 systems and
sensors used to
control and to operate the reaction procedure on the system.
As shown in fig 14 in the head of the reactor core, the compressing piston and
the radiation
emitters are designed to fit with the head of the compressing piston 93 and
these systems
are installed and integrated on the head of the piston. In the reaction core,
carbon dioxide
reacts with sodium hydroxide or other alkali bases.
In the current embodiment, the high carbon dioxide reactor system operation is
partially
powered by the hydrogen chlorine fuel cell. The objective of the hybrid of
hydrogen
chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core is to reduce external
electric power
consumption in the reactor and to powered by hydrogen chlorine fuel cell.
Therefore, the
integration of the "carbon dioxide reactor core system with a hydrogen-
chlorine fuel cell"
creates a self-powered carbon dioxide reactor core. And this integrated system
reduces
external power consumption and this system greatly helps to increases the
efficiency of
carbon dioxide reactor core, and finally increases the efficiency of the
"Carbon dioxide
capturing and electrical energy producing system" invention.
The carbon dioxide reactor core 33 comprises heat-absorbing system 99 & 98;
and the
system designed on the outer side of the reactor core. In this system, the
heat absorber part
is another system which utilized to boost the reaction rate of carbon dioxide
with sodium
hydroxide.
The waste heat from steam turbine 8 is directed into the outer side of the
carbon dioxide
reactor core 101. And the waste heat is circulated in the body of the reactor
core 101, and
heat is absorbed by heat absorbers 99 & 98 from the waste hot gases. Then the
temperature inside of the reactor core becomes increased, finally, the
reaction rate of
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carbon dioxide with sodium hydroxide is boosted. The magnitude of temperature
in the
reactor core is directly proportional to the dissolving rate of carbon dioxide
in sodium
hydroxide solution or alkali base.
In one embodiment of the carbon dioxide reactor core, to increase mass
transfer and to
increase kinetic collisions of carbon dioxide with sodium hydroxide, the
carbon dioxide
reactor core utilizes different methods; such as scattering sodium hydroxide
solution at the
top of the reactor core over carbon dioxide containing reactor core, bubbling
method or
film method.
The heat-absorbing system reduces electric energy utilization by electric
heaters inside of
the reactor and at the same time, it increases the efficiency of conversion of
carbonate
products. To increase the reaction rate and conversion rate of carbon dioxide
into
carbonate products, It's not important to installed electrical heaters in the
reactor core,
instead of that, the current system uses hot output waste gas from hydrogen
turbine and
the waste hot gas directly directed into the body of the reactor core 105, and
the hot waste
gas circulating in the prepared lines of the body of reactor core, and the
heat absorber
system absorbs heat and the reactor core becomes hot. Due to increasing the
temperature
in the reactor core, the dissolving rate of carbon dioxide with alkali base is
increased.
In the present embodiment the heat absorber part system uses to increase the
efficiency of
carbon dioxide conversion rate by reducing electrical energy consumption in
the reaction
process. Instead of electric heaters, it uses waste heat from hydrogen gas
turbine output
hot gas.
In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide reactor core comprising an aqueous
sodium
hydroxide solution contains 35 to 60% (preferably 40% to 50%) by weight of
sodium
hydroxide. In this embodiment, the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution starts
carbonating
at a temperature, above 30 C and lower than 120 C, at a different range of
pressure.
The laboratory test result on the efficiency of carbon dioxide capture in
sodium hydroxide
solution depends on the concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature of
the inner
reactor core. The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the solution at 50% by
weight and
the temperature of the inner reactor core at 80 C, the efficiency of
absorption is from 85%
to 90%.
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In other embodiment of the invention, the laboratory test result on the
efficiency of carbon
dioxide reaction with sodium hydroxide solution depends on the concentration
of sodium
hydroxide, temperature of the inner reactor core, applied pressure over the
reactants, and
light/lather emitting intensity 94 over the reactants. When the magnitude of
the
temperature, pressure, and light/lather emitting intensity over the reactants
increase; the
efficiency of the conversion rate to sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate
increases.
The conversion efficiency of carbon dioxide is directly proportional to the
magnitude of
temperature, pressure, and light/lather intensity inside of the reactor core.
In one embodiment, the carbon dioxide reactor core unit comprises; the high
pressure
compressing system 91, the concentrated lather ray emitters system 104, and
the heat-
absorbing system, and these systems create to increase and boost the absorbing
rate of
carbon dioxide with alkali base at high efficiency. In the carbon dioxide
reactor core unit,
the sodium hydroxide/alkali base is sprayed over the carbon dioxide through
sprayer
106.
The hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell generates electric power for the carbon
dioxide reactor
operation. Carbonates and hydrogen carbonates are by-products and released
from the
reaction core. The sodium carbonates and sodium hydrogen carbonates byproduct
use for
the different chemical industries, and the byproducts create additional
income.
Overall, the integration of the art, skill, and embodiment of the hybrid
hydrogen chlorine
fuel cell with the carbon dioxide reactor core unit system plays a big role to
increases
the efficiency of the "carbon dioxide capturing and energy producing systems"
invention.
The hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and carbon dioxide reactor core system
unit at least
comprising the steps of;
i. collecting chlorine and hydrogen gas from the electrolysis of sodium
chloride,
ii. producing electric power from the hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell,
iii. powering the carbon dioxide reactor core,
iv. sequestration carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and storing in the
tankers
v. pumping carbon dioxide gas into carbon dioxide reactor core,
vi. Pumping and spraying sodium hydroxide solution or alkali base into the
reactor
core
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vii. pressing with high-pressure compressing system the carbon dioxide gas and
sodium
hydroxide solution together,
viii. by using waste heat from hydrogen gas turbine, heating the carbon
dioxide reactor
core
ix. Releasing concentrated light/laser over carbon dioxide gas and sodium
hydroxide
solution, and mixing.
x. By using mixer blades mixing the carbon dioxide gas and sodium hydroxide
solution
and creating more collusion
The final output byproducts from the hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell and
carbon
dioxide reactor core system unit are; sodium carbonate /sodium
bicarbonate/alkali
carbonates 35, and hydrochloric acid 36, and the byproduct uses for the
different chemical
industry, and the byproducts create additional income.
The another alternative embodiment of carbon dioxide reactor core
system /fig 15/
The "another alternative design of carbon dioxide reactor core" unit
objectives are;
(a) to design a less cost-effective reactor core, and;
(b) to create different alternatives of carbon dioxide reactor core for
different plants,
In other alternative embodiment of the hybrid hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell and
carbon
dioxide reactor core system wherein said the carbon dioxide reactor core
system the other
alternative embodiment system comprises;
a heat-absorbing jacket system 98 and 99; the heat-absorbing system fashioned
and
adapted in the external part of the carbon dioxide reactor core system.
Some amount of waste heat exhausted from hydrogen gas turbine is directed into
heat-
absorbing jacket system, wherein the external part of the carbon dioxide
reactor core, and
the waste heat is circulated into the external body of the reactor core and
heat is absorbed
by heat-absorbing jacket system, and the system creates to increase the
temperature inside
of the reactor core, finally the system utilized to increase the reaction rate
of carbon
dioxide with sodium hydroxide.
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As illustrated in fig 15, the another alternative embodiment of the carbon
dioxide reactor
core system also operates and works without a high-pressure pressing system
and
concentrated light emitters. In another alternative embodiment of the carbon
dioxide
reactor core system, the system utilizes a heat-absorbing jacket system 98 and
99. As
illustrated in fig 15, to increase the reaction rate of carbon dioxide with
sodium hydroxide
it utilizes heat energy, and the other alternative design of carbon dioxide
reactor core
creates less cost carbon dioxide reactor core, and to create different
alternatives of carbon
dioxide reactor core for customers. The working system and methods of the
another
alternative embodiment of carbon dioxide reactor core is the same as described
in the
above carbon dioxide reactor core fig, the difference is the another
alternative embodiment
of carbon dioxide reactor core doesn't utilize the high-pressure pressing
system and
concentrated light emitters system.
The working system and methods of the another alternative embodiment of carbon
dioxide
reactor core system fig 15 utilizes; all systems, processes, and methods that
previously
described in the carbon dioxide reactor core, except the high-pressure
processing system
and the concentrated light emitters system.
The other alternative of carbon dioxide reactor core system integrated and
hybrid with a
hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell, and the other alternative method working together
with all
systems, process, and methods of hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell which described
in previous
pages /from page 27-32/.
The final output byproducts from the other alternative carbon dioxide reactor
core
system fig 15 are; sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, the same as other
carbon
dioxide reactor core system fig 14. The other alternative embodiment of carbon
dioxide
reactor core fig 15 working with integration of other system units, as
described in previous
pages.
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Waste heat recovery system unit
A carbon dioxide capturing and electrical energy producing system invention
comprises a
waste recovery system fig 17. To utilize the energy of exhaust heat from
carbon dioxide
capturing and electrical energy producing system, specifically exhaust heat
from hydrogen
gas turbine 19, solid oxide fuel cell 26, and hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32.
waste heat
recovery system unit utilizes to recovered waste heat and utilized to drive an
additional
steam turbine, and to generate additional electric power, as shown in fig 16A,
fig 16B, and
fig 17.
The waste heat recovery system at least comprises; waste heat exhausted
sources from
hydrogen gas turbine and waste heat exhausted from different parts of the
system, waste
heat recovery generator 39, steam turbine 8, hydrogen-oxygen super heater 111
and
electric generator 25.
According to the various embodiment of the current invention, the waste heat
exhausted
from different systems utilized for different applications. As described in
previous pages,
the waste heat exhausted from hydrogen gas turbine 19 flows into waste heat
recovery
generator 39, to drive the steam turbine. The output waste heat from waste
heat recovery
generator 39 flows to carbon dioxide capturing unit 38 and carbon dioxide
reactor core 33
to heating the systems. In addition, the waste heat exhausted from solid oxide
fuel cell 26
utilized for the thermoelectric generator to generate electric power fig 9,
and the rest of
exhausted waste heat from solid oxide utilized fuel cell utilized for waste
heat recovery
system unit, as illustrated in fig 9 of 65, fig 16A and Fig 16B.
In the present embodiment of the invention, the waste heat exhausted from
hydrogen gas
turbine 19, solid oxide fuel cell 26, and hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32 is
collected, recycled,
and turned to drive steam turbine 8 and generates additional electrical power
25.
The waste heat exhausted from hydrogen gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell 26,
and
hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32 flows to waste heat recovery steam generator
39. The waste
heat recovery steam generator 39 has a duct 112 for receiving hot exhaust gas
from
hydrogen gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell and hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell.
The waste heat
recovery steam generator is also associated with a heating system for
receiving feed water
for heating to steam. A heat pipe having a first end disposed within the duct
operates to
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remove heat therefrom. A second end of the heat pipe disposed within the
heating system
operates to transfer heat to the feed water. The waste heat recovery steam
generator 39 is
essentially a large duct 112 with water-filled tube bundles disposed of
therein. To recover
waste heat from hydrogen gas turbine, solid oxide fuel cell, and hydrogen-
chlorine fuel cell,
feed water is circulated through the tube bundles such that the water is
heated to steam as
the exhaust waste gas passes through the duct and over the tube bundles. The
waste heat
steam generator 39 produces steams from waste exhausted heat and the produced
steam
flows to hydrogen-oxygen superheater 111, to re-heat the steam and to produce
high
pressurized steam. The high-pressure steam 119 drives steam turbine 8 and the
steam
turbine drives electric generator 25 and it produces additional electric
power.
As described in fig 17, the hydrogen-oxygen superheater 111 system comprises;
ignition
system 118, hydrogen and oxygen gas lines, hydrogen gas flow regulator 114,
oxygen flow
rate regulator 113, and temperature sensing device. The ignition system is 118
located in a
steam line for burning hydrogen and oxygen directly.
The hydrogen and oxygen are introduced into the burner and an ignition system
in a
manner to get intimate mixing of the two, and thus stable burning. By firing
hydrogen and
oxygen directly into the steam line in super heater 111, the steam temperature
can be
raised to a temperature where no thermal problems are created in the turbine.
As illustrated in fig 17, when the steam flows from waste heat recovery steam
generator 39
to hydrogen-oxygen super heater111, the hydrogen-oxygen super heater 111
starts
operation and increases the temperature of the steam as suitable temperature
and
pressure to the steam turbine. During operation, hydrogen and oxygen are
supplied to
super heater which includes a burner 118, through supply lines and from
storage tanks 10
and 11, respectively.
The hydrogen and oxygen flow regulator 113 and 114, feed the proper amount of
hydrogen
and oxygen to the burner 118 in super heater 111 in order to maintain the
temperature
leaving super heater at the desired value. The valves are controlled by a
regulator that
receives a temperature signal from a temperature sensing device which adapted
in the
super heater. Flow meters are used to measure the amount of hydrogen and
oxygen
flowing to the burners in super heater 118, and these signals are fed to the
regulators and
controllers to position the valves as to maintain a stoichiometric ratio. The
hydrogen and
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oxygen are burned directly in the steam flowing through super heater 111, thus
increasing
the temperature of such steam.
As illustrated in fig 17 the high temperature pressurised steam 119 turned to
steam
turbine 8 and the steam turbine drive electric generator 25 and produce
additional electric
power. The exhaust steam from the steam turbine is directed to tree fashioned
carbon
dioxide capturing system unit, carbon dioxide reactor core for additional
usage. The Final
working waste heat from tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit 38
and
carbon dioxide reactor core 33 is directed to a condenser where it returns its
heat to
cooling water. The resulting condensate is pumped out to the waste heat
recovery steam
generator 39. Low absolute pressure is maintained in the condenser, increasing
thereby
the heat drop and plant power.
The waste heat recovery system unit utilizes to generate additional electric
power from
exhaust waste heat and, this system increases the values and efficiencies of
carbon
dioxide capturing and electrical energy producing system invention.
The waste heat recovery system unit comprising the steps of;
i. Collecting waste heat exhausted from hydrogen gas turbine 9, solid oxide
fuel cell
26, and hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32,
ii. Turning the waste heat into waste heat recovery steam generator 39, and
the waste
heat steam generator 39, produce steams from waste exhausted heat, and the
produced steam flows to hydrogen-oxygen super heater 111 & 116,
iii. In the hydrogen-oxygen super heater 111, burning hydrogen and oxygen
gases and
re-heat the steam and produce high pressurized steam 119. The high pressure
and
temperature steam drive steam turbine 8 and the steam turbine drives electric
generator 25 and it produces additional electric power.
The other alternative embodiment of super heater /fig 18/
The other alternative embodiment of super heater /fig 18/ is the alternative
system
of super heater fig 17. As illustrated in fig 18, the other alternative
embodiment of super
heater comprises; ignition system 112, hydrogen and oxygen gas lines, hydrogen
gas flow
regulator 114 oxygen flow rate regulator 113, temperature sensor, burner 123,
and steam
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flowing pipe 121. The regulated hydrogen and oxygen gases flow into the burner
123. In
the other alternative embodiment of super heater fig 18, the hydrogen and
oxygen burned
over the steam containing pipes 121, and the volume expansion of the steam
boosted. At
the same time, the pressure of the fluid also increased. And the high-pressure
fluid flows
through the pipe 121, and at the last, the pressurized steam 119 drives the
steam turbine 8.
The super heater fig 17 and the other alternative embodiment of super heater
fig 18 almost
the same working principles. The difference is; in super heater fig 17 the
hydrogen and
oxygen burned over the steam flowing line as shown in 116 & 118. But in the
other
alternative embodiment of super heater fig 18, the hydrogen and oxygen are
burned over
the steam flowing containing pipes as shown in 121, 122 & 123. The other
alternative
embodiment of super heater working with integration of other system units, as
described
in previous pages.
The Other Alternative embodiments of "the carbon dioxide capturing
and electrical energy producing system" invention
The present invention of the carbon dioxide and electrical energy producing
system
comprises different other alternative embodiments. To create different choices
for
customers, the present invention includes different alternative embodiments,
and each
embodiment has different arrangements, integrations, efficiencies and costs.
In the present
invention, three different other alternative embodiments are included. The
goals of the
other alternative embodiments one, two and three are described as follows but
not limited:
i. To generate electric power
ii. To capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere or flue gas
iii. To create innovative alternative designs for customers, to create
different choices at
different costs, and this helps to implement the technology easily.
iv. To create an alternative embodiment for easy production
The three other Alternative embodiments of "the carbon dioxide capturing and
electrical
energy producing system" invention are described as follows;
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A. The other alternative embodiment-one of the "carbon dioxide and
electrical energy producing system" invention
The other alternative embodiment one as shown in fig 21 and fig 23 the
arrangements and
integrations of the system at least comprising;
i. Non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit; to generate electric power
ii. Hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator unit; to produce hydrogen
and oxygen
gases for hydrogen gas turbine,
iii. Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unit /fig 23/: to capture carbon
dioxide
from the atmosphere
iv. Waste heat recovery system unit; to recover waste heat released from
non-ionized
hydrogen gas turbine unit
v. Brine electrolysis unit; to produce sodium hydroxide for Tree fashioned
carbon
dioxide capturing unite and for hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator
unit
vi. Chlorine fuel cell: to convert exhausted chlorine gas into electric
power and
hydrochloric acid.
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment one, in fig 21 the hybrid solar
hydrogen-
oxygen gas generator unit 21 & 24 produce hydrogen 22 and oxygen 23 gases, and
the
gases flow into non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit 19 to generate electric
power. The
detailed working systems, embodiments, and parts of the non-ionized hydrogen
gas
turbine unit and hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator units are the same
as
described in previous units.
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment one in fig 21, the tree
fashioned carbon
dioxide capturing system unit fig 21 of 125, fig 22 & fig 23 directly captures
and absorbs
carbon dioxide, and inside of the tree fashioned system the carbon dioxide
directly
converted into carbonate and bicarbonate products. In this other alternative
embodiment
one, the system does not utilize carbon dioxide tankers. This alternative
system fig 22 & fig
23 is directly capturing carbon dioxide from the air and converting it into
carbonates.
In the other alternative embodiment-one of carbon dioxide capturing and
electrical
energy producing system invention, and the physical structure of carbon
dioxide
capturing system unit is fashioned as a tree structure. In this alternative
system, the carbon
Page 40 of 49
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dioxide capturing system unit /fig 23/ is fashioned as tree, and the working
processes and
methods is different from previously described of tree fashioned carbon
dioxide capturing
system units fig 20.
In the other alternative embodiment one fig 21, new carbon dioxide capturing
process and
methods 23 are introduced. In the other alternative embodiment one, the
objectives of the
alternative tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 22 and fig
23 is;
i. To capture carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and to convert directly into
carbonates and bicarbonate products fig 21 of 35.
ii. The capturing process utilizes the short method, and this helps
> to create an alternative design and to reduce the cost of a carbon dioxide
capturing process system
As illustrated in another alternative embodiment one, fig 21 of 38, fig 22 &
fig 23 the tree
fashioned system captures carbon dioxide from the atmosphere 126, through fans
71
adapted in the leaf 72.
And to increase the absorption rate of carbon dioxide it needs to heating-up
the sucked
gases to the right temperature for the absorber, and the absorber system 134
utilizes waste
heat-based heater 135. To heat-up the incoming gases, the present other
alternative
embodiment one utilizes waste heat exhausted 79 which relisted from steam
turbine unit
8. The exhaust waste heat from the steam turbine 8 is pumped into the absorber
part fig 22
of 134. The absorber part adapted in branches 127 and trunk 134 of the tree
fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing system, and heat exchange occurs between the
atmospheric gases
in the pipe and waste heat. Subsequently, the temperature of the gases inside
the pipe
becomes increase and the absorption rate between carbon dioxide and sodium
hydroxide
or potassium hydroxide increases. The solution of sodium hydroxide or
potassium
hydroxide is sprayed fig 22 of 132 over the hot atmospheric gases in the
branches fig 22 of
127 & 131. The branches are made up of hollow pipes. And the gases and sodium
hydroxide/potassium hydroxide flows together inside the pipe wherein the
branches 133
of the tree fashioned system, thereafter the gases and sodium
hydroxide/potassium
hydroxide flow together into vertical helical tube 134 wherein the trunk of
the tree
fashioned system. Thereafter, the collusion of carbon dioxide with
sodium/potassium
hydroxide increase inside of the vertical helical tube 134, and the absorbing
rate also
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increase. The vertical circular helical tube 134 is heating up from the waste
heat, and as a
result, increases the temperature of the compulsions of gases and alkali bases
to the right
temperature. And the carbon dioxide is converting into carbonates and
bicarbonates as
shown in 137, and the other atmospheric gases are released through the outlet
pipe 138 to
the atmosphere 143. The converted carbonates and bicarbonates byproducts are
accumulated in the base of the trunk as shown in fig 23 of 35.
In another alternative embodiment one, the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit at least comprises the parts of; intercoolers, sodium hydroxide or
potassium
hydroxide circulation pumps, heat exchangers, controlling part, carbon dioxide
absorption
part, stripper, and carbonates and bicarbonates tanker.
Furthermore, the other alternative embodiment one, wherein the tree fashioned
carbon
dioxide capturing system unit fig 23 at least comprises;
i. Leaf 72; To absorb carbon dioxide and ambient gases from the atmosphere
in the
ergonomics of the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit the fans
73
are adapted in the leaf structure 72 body,
ii. Branches 131; in the tree fashioned system, the carbon dioxide
absorbing process
starts from the branches. The branches of the tree fashioned as tubes, inside
of the
tubes atmospheric gases and sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
intermixing
together. As shown in fig 22 sprayers 132 are adapted on the branches and
spraying
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide over atmospheric gases and start
absorbing carbon dioxide and subsequently flowing together into vertical
helical
tube 134 wherein the trunk of the tree, in the tree fashioned system.
iii. trunk: in the ergonomics of the tree, the carbon dioxide is absorbing
through the
vertical helical tube 134 which is adapted in the trunk. The gases and sodium
hydroxide/potassium hydroxide, flowing together, and increasing mass transfers
inside of vertical helical tube 134 and converted into
carbonates/bicarbonates.
Due to the temperature and the structure of the vertical helical tube 134 the
absorption rate of carbon dioxide increase. The carbonates and bicarbonates
product accumulated in the base of the trunk and finally the filtered
atmospheric
gases released into the atmosphere.
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iv. the base of the tree 136; in the ergonomics of the tree, at least
carbonate and
bicarbonate tankers and circulation pumps, controllers are installed in the
base of
the tree,
In other alternative embodiment one, the color of the tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system unit is green or other colors.
In other alternative embodiment one, tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system unit
fig 22 and fig 23 comprises at least the steps of;
i. By using the fans which adapted on the leaf of the tree fashioned
system, sucking
atmospheric gases from the atmosphere,
ii. By utilizing waste heat from hydrogen gas turbine heating the
atmospheric gases
iii. Flowing the hot atmospheric gases into carbon dioxide absorber 135.
spraying
sodium hydroxide/potassium hydroxide over the gases through the sprayer which
adapted in the branches. And thereafter flowing together through the vertical
helical
tube, and converting carbon dioxide into carbonates and bicarbonates in the
fashioned carbon dioxide capturing tree
The tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 22 and fig 23
utilizes sodium
hydroxide from brine electrolysis unit 30 and captures carbon dioxide from the
atmosphere and converts it into carbonate and bicarbonate products. The tree
fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing system utilizes exhausted waste heat from the steam
turbine for
carbon dioxide absorbing part 134 wherein the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system. The tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit utilizes
electric power
from hydrogen gas turbine and waste heat recovery system unit.
In other alternative embodiment one, tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system units
fig 22 and fig 23; sucking atmospheric gases, absorbing Co2 and convert into
carbonate and
bicarbonate products, but as discussed in previous units the tree fashioned
carbon dioxide
capturing system units fig 20; sucking atmospheric gases, and absorbing Co2
and
regeneration absorbents/adsorbents/solvents and storing carbon dioxide in the
tankers
and thereafter the carbon dioxide flows into carbon dioxide reactor unit. The
working
systems of the other alternative tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system units fig
23 and fig 22 is different from the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system unit fig
20 which described in previous units.
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As illustrated in other alternative embodiment one of "carbon dioxide
capturing and
electrical energy producing system" fig 21 the exhausted waste heat from non-
ionized
hydrogen gas turbine directed into waste heat recovery system unit 39 and
waste heat
recovery system unit processes and converts the waste heat to generate
additional electric
power trough steam turbine 8. The detailed working systems, parts, and
embodiment of
the waste heat recovery system unit are the same as described in previous
units,
specifically in the "waste heat recovery system unit". The hydrogen-chlorine
fuel cell
system is hybrid and adapted with the brine electrolysis system unit 31. The
system
utilizes hydrogen and exhausted chlorine gases to convert into electrical
energy and
hydrochloric acid. The chlorine gas is exhausted from brine electrolysis. The
generated
power from hydrogen-chlorine fuel cells turned into brine electrolysis. In the
other
alternative embodiment one fig 21, the hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell utilizing
to power the
brine electrolysis system 30. The detailed working systems, parts and
embodiment of the
hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell system unit are the same as described in previous
units,
specifically in "the hybrid hydrogen-chlorine carbon dioxide reactor core
system unit".
In other alternative embodiment one fig 21, wherein the carbon dioxide
capturing and
energy producing system, at least comprising the following processes;
i. Producing hydrogen and oxygen gases from hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas
generator 42
ii. By utilizing hydrogen and oxygen gases, producing electric power
from non-ionized
hydrogen gas turbine 19
iii. Producing sodium hydroxide, hydrogen, and chlorine through brine
electrolysis 30
iv. Providing hydrogen and chlorine gases, and producing electric power from
hydrogen-chlorine fuel cell 32
v. Sucking atmospheric gases through the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit 135, fig 22 St fig 23,
and absorbing carbon dioxide through sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide,
and directly converting into carbonate and bicarbonate products wherein
through
the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit. Utilizing exhausted
waste
heat to perform the carbon dioxide capturing process in the system.
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vi. By utilizing exhausted waste heat generating additional electric power
through the
waste heat generator 39
B. The other alternative embodiment-two of the "carbon dioxide and
electrical energy producing system" invention
The other alternative embodiment two of the carbon dioxide capturing and
energy
producing system; the arrangements and integrations at least comprising;
i. Hybrid solar hydrogen and oxygen gas generator unit
ii. Non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit
iii. Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unite
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment two, in fig 24 the hybrid solar
hydrogen-
oxygen gas generator unit 24 & 21 produce hydrogen and oxygen gases, and the
gases flow
into non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit 19 to generate electric power. The
detailed
working systems, embodiments, and parts of non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine
unit 19 and
hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator unit 24 & 21 are the same as
described in
previous units, as shown in fig 1 and fig 11 respectively.
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment two, in fig 24, the tree
fashioned carbon
dioxide capturing system unit 125 directly captures and absorbs carbon dioxide
from
atmospheric gases and directly converts into carbonate and bicarbonate
products. The
detailed working systems, embodiments, and parts of tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system unit 125 are the same as described in other alternative
embodiment one,
fig 22 and fig 23.
In other alternative embodiment two, the brine electrolysis unit is not
utilized. The input
chemicals for hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas generator 24 and for tree
fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing system 125 utilizes from external sources. The other
alternative
embodiment-two of the carbon dioxide capturing and energy producing system
helps to
reduce the cost of the plant and creates an alternative opportunity for
customers.
The other alternative embodiment two of the carbon dioxide capturing and
energy
producing system at least comprising the processes and steps of;
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i. Producing hydrogen and oxygen gases from hybrid solar hydrogen-oxygen gas
generator
ii. By utilizing hydrogen and oxygen gases, and producing electric power
from non-
ionized hydrogen gas turbine
vii. Sucking atmospheric gases through the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing
system unit, Sucking atmospheric gases through the tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system unit 135, fig 22 & fig 23,
and absorbing carbon dioxide through sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide,
and directly converting into carbonate and bicarbonate products wherein
through
the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 23. The system
utilizes
exhausted waste heat to perform the carbon dioxide capturing process in the
system.
C. The other alternative embodiment-Three of the "carbon dioxide
and electrical energy producing system" invention
The other alternative embodiment three of the carbon dioxide capturing and
energy
producing system; the arrangements and integrations at least comprising;
i. Solar cells and hydrogen-oxygen gas generator unit
ii. Fuel cell /solid oxide fuel cell or proton exchange membrane full cell/
ill. Tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing unit
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment three, in fig 25 the solar
cells 141 are
adapted in the leaves of the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system
fig 25, and
generate electric power. The generated power from solar cells 141, utilizes to
powering the
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator fig 25 of 24 and produce hydrogen and oxygen
gases, and
thereafter the gases flow into hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells fig 25 of 142 and
generate electric
power. The detailed working systems, embodiments, and parts of hydrogen-oxygen
gas
generator unit 24, is the same as described in previous units, as shown in fig
11. As
illustrated in fig 25, the hydrogen-oxygen generator unit 24 and the fuel
cells unit 142 are
adapted on the base of the carbon dioxide capturing tree. Moreover, the sodium
hydroxide
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or potassium hydroxide circulation pumps, heat exchangers, controlling part,
and
carbonates/ bicarbonates tanker, controllers and sensors are installed on the
base 136 of
tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing tree, the same as described in other
alternative
embodiment one and two. Furthermore, the third other alternative embodiment is
very
similar to other alternative embodiment two.
As illustrated in other alternative embodiment three, in fig 25, the tree
fashioned carbon
dioxide capturing system unit is directly captures and absorbs carbon dioxide
from
atmospheric gases 71 and directly converts into carbonate and bicarbonate
products. The
detailed working systems, embodiments, and parts of the tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system unit fig 25 are the same as described in other alternative
embodiment
two /fig 22 and fig 23/. In other alternative embodiment three, the solar
cells 141 are
adapted in the top of the tree, beside of the fans 75 as shown in fig 25.
In other alternative embodiment three, the brine electrolysis unit is not
utilized. The input
chemicals for hydrogen-oxygen gas generator 24 and for tree fashioned carbon
dioxide
capturing system fig 25 utilizes from external sources. Furthermore, in this
alternative
embodiment, the ionized or the non-ionized hydrogen-gas turbine is not
included. The
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator 24 and the full cells 142 are adapted in the
base of the tree
fashioned carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 25. The purpose of this
other
alternative embodiment is to design small-scale of a carbon dioxide capturing
and electrical
energy producing system invention, without a hydrogen gas turbine. This other
alternative
embodiment does not have a nose or pollution. This third other alternative
embodiment fig
25 is easily applicable in streets, parks, in front of hotels, schools, etc.
The other alternative embodiment-three of the carbon dioxide capturing and
energy
producing system fig 25 helps to reduce the cost of the plant and creates an
alternative
opportunity for customers. Furthermore, the other alternative embodiment helps
the
technology to produce easily.
The other alternative embodiment three of the carbon dioxide capturing and
energy
producing system fig 25 at least comprising the processes and steps of;
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I. By utilizing solar power and producing hydrogen and oxygen gases from
hydrogen-oxygen gas generator
ii. By utilizing hydrogen and oxygen gases, producing electric power
from fuel
cells
iii. Sucking atmospheric gases through the tree fashioned carbon dioxide
capturing system unit fig 22 & fig 25, and absorbing carbon dioxide through
sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide chemicals, and directly converting
into carbonate and bicarbonate products wherein through the tree fashioned
carbon dioxide capturing system unit fig 25.
The Other Alternative embodiments of "the carbon dioxide capturing and
electrical energy
producing system" invention are exemplary and non-limiting.
As described in the above detailed description section of the carbon dioxide
capturing and
electrical energy producing system wherein a hydrogen gas turbine unit, hybrid
thermoelectric-generator solid oxide fuel cell unit, solar hybrid hydrogen-
oxygen gas
generator system unit, hybrid hydrogen chlorine fuel cell with carbon dioxide
reactor core
unit and waste heat recovery system units are physically or electrically or
mechanically
coupled and integrated each other. The hybrid and integration of variety units
of systems
create to achieve the objective of capturing carbon dioxide and generating
electrical power
from the system.
The present invention comprising various alternative embodiments, such as; the
carbon
dioxide capturing and energy production system invention at least having four
alternative
embodiments / fig 1, f1g2, fig 21, fig 24, fig 25/. Furthermore, the carbon
reactor core
having two alternative embodiment /fig 14 and fig 15 /, the hydrogen gas
turbine having
two alternative embodiments /the ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit fig 3 and
fig 6, and the
non-ionized hydrogen gas turbine unit fig 7/, the super heater having two
alternative
embodiment fig 17 and fig 18, the tree fashioned carbon dioxide capturing
system unit
having three another alternative embodiments /fig 20, fig 23 and fig 25/.
The descriptions of the current processes, integrations, physical structures,
hybrids,
methods, arrangements and devices, including those in the appendices, are
exemplary and
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non-limiting. Certain Substitutions, modifications, additions and/ or
rearrangements over
the present invention is disclosed by the owner of the invention.
The present invention captures carbon dioxide and generating electric energy
by itself,
with zero Carbone emission and zero air pollutions. The economical and
environmental
benefits of the present invention are; reducing carbon emission and air
pollutions,
improving climate change and global warming problems and promoting a clean
technology
of the future. Therefore, the present invention creates a difference in
solving of the present
challenges and problems of climate change, and it's a helpful invention for
the benefit of
mankind.
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