Language selection

Search

Patent 2520413 Summary

Third-party information liability

Some of the information on this Web page has been provided by external sources. The Government of Canada is not responsible for the accuracy, reliability or currency of the information supplied by external sources. Users wishing to rely upon this information should consult directly with the source of the information. Content provided by external sources is not subject to official languages, privacy and accessibility requirements.

Claims and Abstract availability

Any discrepancies in the text and image of the Claims and Abstract are due to differing posting times. Text of the Claims and Abstract are posted:

  • At the time the application is open to public inspection;
  • At the time of issue of the patent (grant).
(12) Patent: (11) CA 2520413
(54) English Title: BIPOLAR FORCEPS WITH MULTIPLE ELECTRODE ARRAY END EFFECTOR ASSEMBLY
(54) French Title: PINCES BIPOLAIRES A ENSEMBLE D'EFFECTEURS D'EXTREMITES DE RANGEE D'ELECTRODES MULTIPLES
Status: Granted
Bibliographic Data
(51) International Patent Classification (IPC):
  • A61B 18/12 (2006.01)
(72) Inventors :
  • ODOM, DARREN (United States of America)
  • HAMMILL, CURT (United States of America)
(73) Owners :
  • SHERWOOD SERVICES AG (Switzerland)
(71) Applicants :
  • SHERWOOD SERVICES AG (Switzerland)
(74) Agent: OSLER, HOSKIN & HARCOURT LLP
(74) Associate agent:
(45) Issued: 2016-10-11
(22) Filed Date: 2005-09-21
(41) Open to Public Inspection: 2007-03-21
Examination requested: 2010-09-17
Availability of licence: N/A
(25) Language of filing: English

Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT): No

(30) Application Priority Data: None

Abstracts

English Abstract

A bipolar electrosurgical forceps includes first and second opposing jaw members having respective inwardly facing surfaces associated therewith. The first and second jaw members are adapted for relative movement between an open position to receive tissue and a closed position engaging tissue between the inwardly facing surfaces. The first and second jaw members each include a plurality of electrodes on the inwardly facing surfaces. The plurality of electrodes of the first jaw member are disposed in substantially vertical registration with the plurality of electrodes of the second jaw member. Each of the plurality of electrodes is configured to connect to a source of electrosurgical energy. Electrodes on at least one jaw member are grouped in pairs and each respective pair aligns with at least one electrode on the opposite jaw member. A multiplexer controls current density or activation sequence of the electrosurgical energy to each electrode.


French Abstract

Des pinces bipolaires électrochirurgicales comprennent un premier et un deuxième éléments de mâchoires en opposition ayant des surfaces intérieures respectives associées. Le premier et le deuxième éléments de mâchoire sont adaptés pour effectuer un mouvement dune position ouverte de réception dun tissu à une position fermée dengagement du tissu entre leurs surfaces intérieures. Le premier et le deuxième éléments de mâchoire comportent chacun une pluralité d'électrodes sur leurs surfaces intérieures. La pluralité d'électrodes du premier élément de mâchoire est disposée dans un arrangement substantiellement vertical par rapport à la pluralité d'électrodes du deuxième élément de mâchoire. Chacune de la pluralité d'électrodes est configurée pour se connecter à une source dénergie électrochirurgicale. Les électrodes dau moins un élément de mâchoire sont groupées par paire et chaque paire respective s'aligne avec au moins une électrode sur lélément de mâchoire opposé. Un multiplexeur contrôle la densité de courant ou la surface d'activation de l'énergie électrochirurgicale de chaque électrode.

Claims

Note: Claims are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.


The embodiments of the present invention for which an exclusive property or
privilege is claimed
are defined as follows:
1. A bipolar electrosurgical forceps, comprising:
first and second opposing jaw members having respective tissue engaging
surfaces
associated therewith, the first and second jaw members adapted for relative
movement between
an open position to receive tissue and a closed position engaging tissue
between the tissue
engaging surfaces to effect a tissue seal upon activation of the forceps;
the first and second jaw members each including a plurality of electrodes on
inwardly facing surfaces thereof extending lengthwise therealong,
the plurality of electrodes being disposed in one or more odd-numbered columns
and
one or more even-numbered columns extending distally lengthwise on the
inwardly facing
surfaces of the jaw members forming gaps each defining a distance between each
electrode
extending distally lengthwise on the inwardly facing surfaces to each define a
length of the
respective electrode, wherein the distance defined by the gap between each
electrode is less
than the length of each electrode,
the plurality of electrodes forming thereby a plurality of fluid flow pathways

therebetween the plurality of electrodes on the inwardly facing surfaces
thereof such that during
sealing of tissue fluid flows transversely with respect to the plurality of
electrodes on the first and
second jaw members such that the fluid flow is impeded within the plurality of
fluid flow pathways
to beneficially effect the tissue seal.
2. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 1, wherein a
corresponding number
of leads are coupled at one end to respective electrodes, the leads connected
at the opposite
ends to a multiplexer that controls electrosurgical energy to each electrode
of the plurality of
electrodes.
3. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 2, wherein the
multiplexer controls
at least one of current density and activation sequence of the electrosurgical
energy to each
electrode.
23

4. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 1, wherein the
plurality of electrodes
are configured in a staggered arrangement with respect to one another on both
the first jaw
member and the second jaw member.
5. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 4, wherein
alternate rows of the
electrodes are staggered with respect to adjacent rows along the lengthwise
direction
6. Use of the bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to any one of
claims 1 to 5 for sealing
tissue.
7. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 1, wherein the
plurality of electrodes
in the odd-numbered columns are parallel to the plurality of electrodes in the
even-numbered
columns, wherein the distances of the gaps defined between the plurality of
electrodes in the odd-
numbered columns and the distances of the gaps defined between the plurality
of electrodes in
the even-numbered columns are less than the lengths of the electrodes in the
odd-numbered and
even-numbered columns.
8. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 7, wherein the
gaps in the odd-
numbered columns are disposed to interface the plurality of electrodes in the
even-numbered
columns laterally across the inwardly facing surfaces.
9. The bipolar electrosurgical forceps according to claim 8, wherein the
gaps in the even-
numbered columns are disposed to interface the plurality of electrodes in the
odd-numbered
columns laterally across the inwardly facing surfaces.
24

Description

Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.


CA 02520413 2005-09-21
PATENT APPLICATION
Atty. Docket: 2886 PCT CIP (203-3427 PCT CIP)
BIPOLAR FORCEPS WITH MULTIPLE ELECTRODE
ARRAY END EFFECTOR ASSEMBLY
BACKGROUND
The present disclosure relates to forceps used for open and/or
endoscopic surgical procedures. More particularly, the present disclosure
relates to a forceps which applies a unique combination of mechanical clamping

pressure and electrosurgical current to micro-seal soft tissue to promote
tissue
healing.
Technical Field
A hemostat or forceps is a simple plier-like tool which uses
mechanical action between its jaws to constrict vessels and is commonly used
in open surgical procedures to grasp, dissect and/or clamp tissue.
Electrosurgical forceps utilize both mechanical clamping action and electrical

energy to effect hemostasis by heating the tissue and blood vessels to
coagulate, cauterize and/or seal tissue. The electrode of each opposing jaw
member is charged to a different electric potential such that when the jaw
members grasp tissue, electrical energy can be selectively transferred through

the tissue. A surgeon can either cauterize, coagulate/desiccate and/or simply
reduce or slow bleeding, by controlling the intensity, frequency and duration
of
the electrosurgical energy applied between the electrodes and through the
tissue.
For the purposes herein, the term 'cauterization" is defined as the
use of heat to destroy tissue (also called "diathermy" or "electrodiathermy").

The term "coagulation" is defined as a process of desiccating tissue wherein
the
tissue cells are ruptured and dried. "Vessel sealing" is defined as the
process of
liquefying the collagen, elastin and ground substances in the tissue so that
it
reforms into a fused mass with significantly-reduced demarcation between the
opposing tissue structures (opposing walls of the lumen). Coagulation of small
1

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
vessels is usually sufficient to permanently close them. Larger vessels or
tissue
need to be sealed to assure permanent closure.
Commonly-owned U.S. Application Serial Nos. PCT Application
Serial No. PCT/US01/11340 filed on April 6, 2001 by Dycus, et al. entitled
"VESSEL SEALER AND DIVIDER", U.S. Application Serial No. 10/116,824 filed
on April 5, 2002 by Tetzlaff et al. entitled "VESSEL SEALING INSTRUMENT"
and PCT Application Serial No. PCT/US01/11420 filed on April 6, 2001 by
Tetzlaff et al. entitled "VESSEL SEALING INSTRUMENT" teach that to
effectively seal tissue or vessels, especially large vessels, two predominant
mechanical parameters must be accurately controlled: 1) the pressure applied
to the vessel; and 2) the gap distance between the conductive tissue
contacting
surfaces (electrodes). As can be appreciated, both of these parameters are
affected by the thickness of the vessel or tissue being sealed.
Accurate
application of pressure is important for several reasons: to oppose the walls
of
the vessel; to reduce the tissue impedance to a low enough value that allows
enough electrosurgical energy through the tissue; to overcome the forces of
expansion during tissue heating; and to contribute to the end tissue thickness

which is an indication of a good seal. It has been determined that a typical
sealed vessel wall is optimum between 0.001 inches and 0.006 inches. Below
this range, the seal may shred or tear and above this range the lumens may not

be properly or effectively sealed.
With respect to smaller vessels, the pressure applied become less
relevant and the gap distance between the electrically conductive surfaces
becomes more significant for effective sealing. In other words, the chances of
= the two electrically conductive surfaces touching during activation
increases as
the tissue thickness and the vessels become smaller.
As can be appreciated, when cauterizing, coagulating or sealing
vessels, the tissue disposed between the two opposing jaw members is
essentially destroyed (e.g., heated, ruptured and/or dried with cauterization
and
coagulation and fused into a single mass with vessel sealing). Other known
electrosurgical instruments include blade members or shearing members which
simply cut tissue in a mechanical and/or electromechanical manner and, as
such, also destroy tissue viability.
2

CA 02520413 2015-10-16
When trying to electrosurgically treat large, soft tissues (e.g., lung,
intestine, lymph
ducts, etc.) to promote healing, the above-identified surgical treatments are
generally impractical
due to the fact that in each instance the tissue or a significant portion
thereof is essentially
destroyed to create the desired surgical effect, cauterization, coagulation
and/or sealing. As a
result thereof, the tissue is no longer viable across the treatment site,
i.e., there remains no
feasible path across the tissue for vascularization.
Thus, a need exists to develop an electrosurgical forceps which effectively
treats
tissue while maintaining tissue viability across the treatment area to promote
tissue healing.
A need exists also to enhance sealing strength in tissue fusion by increasing
resistance to fluid flow or increased pressure at the fusion site so as to
minimize entry of fluid into
the perimeter of the fused site during burst strength testing. The entry of
fluid often results in seal
failure due to propagation of the fluid to the center of the tissue seal.
In addition, a need exists to lengthen the jaws of existing electrosurgical
forceps
beyond current mechanical limits so as to increase current density to reduce
sealing time, and
increase tissue desiccation and seal strength.
SUMMARY
In accordance with an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a

bipolar electrosurgical forceps, comprising: first and second opposing jaw
members having
respective tissue engaging surfaces associated therewith, the first and second
jaw members
adapted for relative movement between an open position to receive tissue and a
closed position
engaging tissue between the tissue engaging surfaces to effect a tissue seal
upon activation of
the forceps; the first and second jaw members each including a plurality of
electrodes on inwardly
facing surfaces thereof extending lengthwise therealong, the plurality of
electrodes being
disposed in one or more odd-numbered columns and one or more even-numbered
columns
extending distally lengthwise on the inwardly facing surfaces of the jaw
members forming gaps
each defining a distance between each electrode extending distally lengthwise
on the inwardly
facing surfaces to each define a length of the respective electrode, wherein
the distance defined
by the gap between each electrode is less than the length of each electrode,
the plurality of
electrodes forming thereby a plurality of fluid flow pathways therebetween the
plurality of
electrodes on the inwardly facing surfaces thereof such that during sealing of
tissue fluid flows
transversely with respect to the plurality of electrodes on the first and
second jaw members such
that the fluid flow is impeded within the plurality of fluid flow pathways to
beneficially effect the
tissue seal.

CA 02520413 2014-09-19
The present disclosure relates to a bipolar electrosurgical forceps,
which includes first and second opposing jaw members having respective
inwardly facing surfaces associated therewith. The first and second jaw
members are adapted for relative movement between an open position to
receive tissue and a closed position engaging tissue between the inwardly
facing surfaces. The first and second jaw members each include a plurality of
electrodes on the inwardly facing surfaces thereof. The plurality of
electrodes of
the first jaw member are disposed in substantially vertical registration with
the
plurality of electrodes of the second jaw member, and each of the plurality of

electrodes is configured to connect to a source of electrosurgical energy.
In one embodiment, electrodes on at least one jaw member may
be grouped in pairs and each respective pair may be aligned with at least one
electrode on the opposite jaw member. Each pair of electrodes on each jaw
member may be disposed in substantially vertical registration with a
corresponding pair of electrodes on the opposite jaw member. A series of leads

may couple each electrode to an electrosurgical generator via at least one
multiplexer coupled therebetween. The series of leads may be coupled to the
multiplexer and the multiplexer controls electrosurgical energy to each
electrode. The multiplexer may control at least one of current density and
activation sequence of the electrosurgical energy to each electrode. The
plurality of electrodes may be configured in a staggered arrangement with
respect to one another on each jaw member.
The present disclosure relates also to a method of sealing tissue
with a bipolar electrosurgical forceps. The method includes the steps of:
providing a forceps having an end effector assembly with first and second jaw
members including opposing inwardly-facing surfaces each including a plurality

Of electrodes disposed thereon. The plurality of electrodes on the inwardly
facing surface of the first jaw member are in substantially vertical
registration
with the plurality of electrodes on the inwardly facing surface of the second
jaw
4

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
member to form an opposing electrode pair. Each electrode is individually
configured to a source of electrosurgical energy. Additionally, the method
includes the steps of grasping tissue between the jaw member and selectively
applying electrosurgical energy to the electrodes according to an algorithm
which controls the activation of each electrode.
In one embodiment, the method may further include the steps of:
decreasing electrosurgical energy to at least one of the opposing electrode
pairs; and increasing electrosurgical energy to at least one other opposing
electrode pair. In addition, the method may further include the steps of
applying
electrosurgical energy by advancing in progression along respective opposing
electrode pairs from a distal end of the end effector assembly to a proximal
end
of the end effector assembly.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Various embodiments of the subject instrument are described
herein with reference to the drawings wherein:
FIG. 1A is a perspective view of an endoscopic forceps having an
electrode assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present
disclosure;
FIG. 1B is a perspective view of an open forceps having a
electrode assembly in accordance with one embodiment of the present
disclosure;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged, perspective view of the electrode assembly
of the forceps of FIG. 1B shown in an open configuration;
FIG. 3A is an enlarged, schematic view of one embodiment of the
electrode assembly showing a pair of opposing, concentrically-oriented
electrodes disposed on a pair of opposing jaw members;
FIG. 3B is a partial, side cross-sectional view of the electrode
assembly of FIG. 3A;
FIG. 4A is an enlarged, schematic view of another embodiment of
the electrode assembly showing a plurality of concentrically-oriented
electrode
micro-sealing pads disposed on the same jaw member;

CA 02520413 2013-04-17
FIG. 4B is a greatly enlarged view of the area of detail in FIG. 4A
showing the electrical path during activation of the electrode assembly;
FIG. 4C is an enlarged schematic view showing the individual
micro-sealing sites and viable tissue areas between the two jaw members after
activation;
FIG. 5A is a schematic, perspective view of the jaw members
approximating tissue;
FIG. 5B is a schematic, perspective view of the jaw members
grasping tissue; and
FIG. 5C is a schematic, perspective view showing a series of
micro-seals disposed in a pattern across the tissue after activation of the
electrode assembly.
FIG. 6 is plan view of a tissue seal sealed by an electrosurgical
forceps according to the prior art showing a potentially weaker seal area due
to
fluid entry into the seal perimeter;
FIG. 7A is a partially schematic top plan view of a jaw member of
an electrosurgical forceps according to another embodiment of the present
disclosure and showing the electrical power supply to the jaw member;
FIG. 7B is a partially schematic bottom plan view of a jaw member
of an electrosurgical forceps according to another embodiment of the present
disclosure and showing the electrical power supply to the jaw member;
FIG. 8 is an elevation view of jaw members of an electrosurgical
forceps of FIGS. 7A and 7B grasping tissue; and
FIG. 9 is a plan view of a tissue seal sealed by an electrosurgical
forceps according to the present disclosure of FIG. 8.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring now to FIG. 1A, a bipolar forceps 10 is shown for use
with various surgical procedures. Forceps 10 generally includes a housing
20,
6

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
a handle assembly 30, a rotating assembly 80, an activation assembly 70 and
an electrode assembly 110 which mutually cooperate to grasp and seal tissue
600 (See FIGS. 5A-5C). Although the majority of the figure drawings depict a
bipolar forceps 10 for use in connection with endoscopic surgical procedures,
an
open forceps 200 is also contemplated for use in connection with traditional
open surgical procedures and is shown by way of example in FIG. 1B and is
described below. For the purposes herein, either an endoscopic instrument or
an open instrument may be utilized with the electrode assembly described
herein. Obviously,
different electrical and mechanical connections and
considerations apply to each particular type of instrument, however, the novel

aspects with respect to the electrode assembly and its operating
characteristics
remain generally consistent with respect to both the open or endoscopic
designs.
More particularly, forceps 10 includes a shaft 12 which has a distal
end 14 dimensioned to mechanically engage a jaw assembly 110 and a
proximal end 16 which mechanically engages the housing 20. The shaft 12 may
be bifurcated at the distal end 14 thereof to receive the jaw assembly 110.
The
proximal end 16 of shaft 12 mechanically engages the rotating assembly 80 to
facilitate rotation of the jaw assembly 110. In the drawings and in the
descriptions which follow, the term "proximal", as is traditional, will refer
to the
end of the forceps 10 which is closer to the user, while the term "distal"
will refer
to the end which is further from the user.
Forceps 10 also includes an electrical interface or plug 300 which
connects the forceps 10 to a source of electrosurgical energy, e.g., an
electrosurgical generator 350 (See FIG. 3B). Plug 300 includes a pair of prong

members 302a and 302b which are dimensioned to mechanically and
electrically connect the forceps 10 to the electrosurgical generator 350. An
electrical cable 310 extends from the plug 300 to a sleeve 99 which securely
connects the cable 310 to the forceps 10. Cable 310 is internally divided
within
the housing 20 to transmit electrosurgical energy through various electrical
feed
paths to the jaw assembly 110.as explained in more detail below.
Handle assembly 30 includes a fixed handle 50 and a movable
handle 40. Fixed handle 50 is integrally associated with housing 20 and handle
7

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
40 is movable relative to fixed handle 50 to actuate a pair of opposing jaw
members 280 and 282 of the jaw assembly 110 as explained in more detail
below. The activation assembly 70 is selectively movable by the surgeon to
energize the jaw assembly 110. Movable handle 40 and activation assembly 70
are preferably of unitary construction and are operatively connected to the
housing 20 and the fixed handle 50 during the assembly process.
As mentioned above, jaw assembly 110 is attached to the distal
end 14 of shaft 12 and includes a pair of opposing jaw members 280 and 282.
Movable handle 40 of handle assembly 30 imparts movement of the jaw
members 280 and 282 about a pivot pin 119 from an open position wherein the
jaw members 280 and 282 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one
another for approximating tissue 600, to a clamping or closed position wherein

the jaw members 280 and 282 cooperate to grasp tissue 600 therebetween
(See FIGS. 5A-5C).
It is envisioned that the forceps 10 may be designed such that it is
fully or partially disposable depending upon a particular purpose or to
achieve a
particular result. For example, jaw assembly 110 may be selectively and
releasably engageable with the distal end 14 of the shaft 12 and/or the
proximal
end 16 of shaft 12 may be selectively and releasably engageable with the
housing 20 and the handle assembly 30. In either of these two instances, the
forceps 10 would be considered "partially disposable" or "reposable", i.e., a
new
or different jaw assembly 110 (or jaw assembly 110 and shaft 12) selectively
replaces the old jaw assembly 110 as needed.
Referring now to FIGS. 1B and 2, an open forceps 200 includes a
pair of elongated shaft portions 212a each having a proximal end 216a and
216b, respectively, and a distal end 214a and 214b, respectively. The forceps
200 includes jaw assembly 210 which attaches to distal ends 214a and 214b of
shafts 212a and 212b, respectively. Jaw assembly 210 includes opposing jaw
members 280 and 282 which are pivotably connected about a pivot pin 219.
Each shaft 212a and 212b includes a handle 217a and 217b
disposed at the proximal end 216a and 216b thereof which each define a finger
hole 218a and 218b, respectively, therethrough for receiving a finger of the
user.
As can be appreciated, finger holes 218a and 218b facilitate movement of the
8

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
shafts 212a and 212b relative to one another which, in turn, pivot the jaw
members 280 and 282 from an open position wherein the jaw members 280 and
282 are disposed in spaced relation relative to one another for approximating
tissue 600 to a clamping or closed position wherein the jaw members 280 and
282 cooperate to grasp tissue 600 therebetween. A ratchet 230 is typically
included for selectively locking the jaw members 280 and 282 relative to one
another at various positions during pivoting.
Typically, each position associated with the cooperating ratchet
interfaces 230 holds a specific, i.e., constant, strain energy in the shaft
members 212a and 212b which, in tum, transmits a specific closing force to the

jaw members 280 and 282. It is envisioned that the ratchet 230 may include
graduations or other visual markings which enable the user to easily and
quickly
ascertain and control the amount of closure force desired between the jaw
members 280 and 282.
One of the shafts, e.g., 212b, includes a proximal shaft connector
/flange 221 which is designed to connect the forceps 200 to a source of
electrosurgical energy such as an electrosurgical generator 350 (FIG. 3B).
More particularly, flange 221 mechanically secures electrosurgical cable 310
to
the forceps 200 such that the user may selectively apply electrosurgical
energy
as needed. The proximal end of the cable 310 includes a similar plug 300 as
described above with respect to FIG. 1A. The interior of cable 310 houses a
pair of leads which conduct different electrical potentials from the
electrosurgical
generator 350 to the jaw members 280 and 282 as explained below with respect
to FIG. 2.
The jaw members 280 and 282 are generally symmetrical and
include similar component features which cooperate to permit facile rotation
about pivot 219 to effect the grasping of tissue 600. Each jaw member 280 and
282 includes a non-conductive tissue contacting surface 284 and 286,
respectively, which cooperate to engage the tissue 600 during treatment.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the various electrical connections of the
electrode assembly 210 are preferably configured to provide electrical
continuity
to an array of electrode micro-sealing pads 500 of disposed across one or both

jaw members 280 and 282. The electrical paths 416, 426 or 516, 526 from the
9

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
array of electrode micro-sealing pads 500 are preferably mechanically and
electrically interfaced with corresponding electrical connections (not shown)
disposed within shafts 212a and 212b, respectively. As can be appreciated,
these electrical paths 416, 426 or 516, 526 may be permanently soldered to the

shafts 212a and 212b during the assembly process of a disposable instrument
or, altematively, selectively removable for use with a reposable instrument.
As best shown in FIGS. 4A-4C, the electrical paths are connected
to the plurality of electrode micro-sealing pads 500 within the jaw assembly
210.
More particularly, the first electrical path 526 (i.e., an electrical path
having a
first electrical potential) is connected to each ring electrode 522 of each
electrode micro-sealing pad 500. The second electrical path 516 (i.e., an
electrical path having a second electrical potential) is connected to each
post
electrode 522 of each electrode micro-sealing pad 500.
The electrical paths 516 and 526 typically do not encumber the
movement of the jaw members 280 and 282 relative to one another during the
manipulation and grasping of tissue 400. Likewise, the movement of the jaw
members 280 and 282 do not unnecessarily strain the electrical paths 516 and
526 or their respective connections 517, 527.
As best seen in FIGS.. 2-5C, jaw members 280 and 282 both
include non-conductive tissue contacting surfaces 284 and 286, respectively,
disposed along substantially the entire longitudinal length thereof (i.e.,
extending
substantially from the proximal to distal end of each respective jaw member
280
and 284). The non-conductive tissue contacting surfaces 284 and 286 may be
made from an insulative material such as ceramic due to its hardness and
inherent ability to withstand high temperature fluctuations. Alternatively,
the
non-conductive tissue contacting surfaces 284 and 286 may be made from a
material or a combination of materials having a high Comparative Tracking
Index (CTI) in the range of about 300 to about 600 volts. Examples of high CTI

materials include nylons and syndiotactic polystryrenes such as QUESTRAe
manufactured by DOW Chemical. Other materials may also be utilized either
alone or in combination, e.g., Nylons, Syndiotactic-polystryrene (SPS),
Polybutylene Terephthalate (PBT), Polycarbonate (PC), Acrylonitrile Butadiene
Styrene (ABS), Polyphthalamide (PPA), Polymide, Polyethylene Terephthalate

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
(PET), Polyamide-imide (PAI), Acrylic (PMMA), Polystyrene (PS and HIPS),
Polyether Sulfone (PES), Aliphatic Polyketone, Acetal (POM) Copolymer,
Polyurethane (PU and TPU), Nylon with Polyphenylene-oxide dispersion and
Acrylonitrile Styrene Acrylate. Preferably, the non-conductive tissue
contacting
surfaces 284 and 286 are dimensioned to securingly engage and grasp the
tissue 600 and may include serrations (not shown) or roughened surfaces to
facilitate approximating and grasping tissue.
It is envisioned that one of the jaw members, e.g., 282, includes at
least one stop member 235a, 235b (FIG. 2) disposed on the inner facing
surface of the sealing surfaces 286. Alternatively or in addition, one or more

stop members 235a, 235b may be positioned adjacent to the non-conductive
sealing surfaces 284, 286 or proximate the pivot 219. The stop members 235a,
235b are preferably designed to define a gap "G" (FIG. 5B) between opposing
jaw members 280 and 282 during the micro-sealing process. The separation
distance during micro-sealing or the gap distance "G" is within the range of
about 0.001 inches (-0.03 millimeters) to about 0.006 inches (-0.016
millimeters). One or more stop members 235a, 235b may be positioned on the
distal end and proximal end of one or both of the jaw members 280, 282 or may
be positioned between adjacent electrode micro-sealing pads 500. Moreover,
the stop members 235a and 235b may be integrally associated with the non-
conductive tissue contacting surfaces 284 and 286. It is envisioned that the
array of electrode micro-sealing pads 500 may also act as stop members for
regulating the distance "G" between opposing jaw members 280, 282 (See FIG.
4C).
As mentioned above, the effectiveness of the resulting micro-seal
is dependent upon the pressure applied between opposing jaw members 280
and 282, the pressure applied by each electrode micro-sealing pad 500 at each
micro-sealing site 620 (FIG. 4C), the gap "G" between the opposing jaw
members 280 and 282 (either regaled by a stop member 235a, 235b or the
array of electrode micro-sealing pads 500) and the control of the
electrosurgical
intensity during the micro-sealing process. Applying the
correct force is
important to oppose the walls of the tissue; to reduce the tissue impedance to
a
low enough value that allows enough current through the tissue; and to
11

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
overcome the forces of expansion during tissue heating in addition to
contributing towards creating the required end tissue thickness which is an
indication of a good micro-seal. Regulating the gap distance and regulating
the
electrosurgical intensity ensure a consistent seal quality and reduce the
likelihood of collateral damage to surrounding tissue.
As best shown in FIG. 2, the electrode micro-sealing pads 500 are
arranged in a longitudinal, pair-like fashion along the tissue contacting
surfaces
286 and/or 284. Two or more micro-sealing pads 500 may extend transversally
across the tissue contacting surface 286. FIGS. 3A and 3B show one
embodiment of the present disclosure wherein the electrode micro-sealing pads
500 include a ring electrode 422 disposed on one jaw members 282 and a post
electrode 412 disposed on the other jaw member 280. The ring electrode 422
includes an insulating material 424 disposed therein to form a ring electrode
and
insulator assembly 420 and the post electrode 422 includes an insulating
material disposed therearound to form a post electrode and insulator assembly
430. Each post electrode assembly 430 and the ring electrode assembly 420 of
this embodiment together define one electrode micro-sealing pad 400.
Although shown as a circular-shape, ring electrode 422 may assume any other
annular or enclosed configuration or alternatively partially enclosed
configuration such as a C-shape arrangement.
As best shown in FIG. 3B, the post electrode 422 is concentrically
centered opposite the ring electrode 422 such that when the jaw members 280
and 282 are closed about the tissue 600, electrosurgical energy flows from the

ring electrode 422, through tissue 600 and to the post electrode 412. The
insulating materials 414 and 424 isolate the electrodes 412 and 422 and
prevent stray current tracking to surrounding tissue. Alternatively,
the
electrosurgical energy may flow from the post electrode 412 to the ring
electrode 422 depending upon a particular purpose.
FIGS. 4A-4C show an altemate embodiment of the jaw assembly
210 according to the present disclosure for micro-sealing tissue 600 wherein
each electrode micro-sealing pad 500 is disposed on a single jaw member, e.g.,

jaw member 280. More particularly and as best illustrated in FIG. 4B, each
electrode micro-sealing pad 500 consists of an inner post electrode 512 which
is
12

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
surrounded by an insulative material 514, e.g., ceramic. The insulative
material
514 is, in turn, encapsulated by a ring electrode 522. A second insulative
material 535 (or the same insulative material 514) may be configured to encase

the ring electrode 522 to prevent stray electrical currents to surrounding
tissue.
The ring electrode 522 is connected to the electrosurgical
generator 350 by way of a cable 526 (or other conductive path) which transmits

a first electrical potential to each ring electrode 522 at connection 527. The

post electrode 512 is connected to the electrosurgical generator 350 by way of
a
cable 516 (or other conductive path) which transmits a second electrical
potential to each post electrode 522 at connection 517. A controller 375 (See
FIG. 4B) may be electrically interposed between the generator 350 and the
electrodes 512, 522 to regulate the electrosurgical energy supplied thereto
depending upon certain electrical parameters, current impedance, temperature,
voltage, etc. For example, the instrument or the controller may include one or

more smart sensors (not shown) which communicate with the electrosurgical
generator 350 (or smart circuit, computer, feedback loop, etc.) to
automatically
regulate the electrosurgical intensity (waveform, current, voltage, etc.) to
enhance the micro-sealing process. The sensor may measure or monitor one
or more of the following parameters: tissue temperature, tissue impedance at
the micro-seal, change in impedance of the tissue over time and/or changes in
the power or current applied to the tissue over time. An audible or visual
feedback monitor (not shown) may be employed to convey information to the
surgeon regarding the overall micro-seal quality or the completion of an
effective
tissue micro-seal.
Moreover, a PCB circuit of flex circuit (not shown) may be utilized
to provide information relating to the gap distance (e.g., a proximity
detector
may be employed) between the two jaw members 280 and 282, the micro-
sealing pressure between the jaw members 280 and 282 prior to and during
activation, load (e.g., strain gauge may be employed), the tissue thickness
prior
to or during activation, the impedance across the tissue during activation,
the
temperature during activation, the rate of tissue expansion during activation
and
micro-sealing. It is envisioned that the PCB circuit may be designed to
provide
electrical feedback to the generator 350 relating to one or more of the above
13

CA 02520413 2013-04-17
parameters either on a continuous basis or upon inquiry from the generator
350.
For example, a PCB circuit may be employed to control the power, current
and/or type of current waveform from the generator 350 to the jaw members
280, 282 to reduce collateral damage to surrounding tissue during activation,
e.g., thermal spread, tissue vaporization and/or steam from the treatment
site.
Examples of a various control circuits, generators and algorithms which may be
utilized are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,228,080 and U.S. Patent No.
6,796,981.
In use as depicted in FIGS. 5A-5C, the surgeon initially
approximates the tissue (FIG. 5A) between the opposing jaw member 280 and
282 and then grasps the tissue 600 (FIG. 5B) by actuating the jaw members
280, 282 to rotate about pivot 219. Once the tissue is grasped, the surgeon
selectively activates the generator 350 to supply electrosurgical energy to
the
array of the electrode micro-sealing pads 500. More particularly,
electrosurgical
energy flows from the ring electrode 522, through the tissue 600 and to the
post
electrode 512 (See FIGS. 4B and 4C). As a result thereof, an intermittent
pattern of individual micro-seals 630 is created along and across the tissue
600
(See FIG. 5C). The arrangement of= the micro-sealing pads 500 across the
tissue only seals the tissue which is between each micro-sealing pad 500 and
the opposing jaw member 282. The adjacent tissue remains viable which, as
can be appreciated, allows blood and nutrients to flow through the sealing
site
620 and between the individual micro-seals 630 to promote tissue healing and
reduce the chances of tissue necrosis. By selectively
regulating the closure
pressure "F", gap distance "G", and electrosurgical intensity, effective and
consistent micro-seals 630 may be created for many different tissue types.
It is further envisioned that selective ring electrodes and post
electrodes may have varying electric potentials upon activation. For example,
at or proximate the distal tip of one of the jaw members, one or a series of
electrodes may be electrically connected to a first potential and the
corresponding electrodes (either on the same jaw or perhaps the opposing jaw)
may be connected to a second potential. Towards the proximal end of the jaw
member, one or a series of electrodes may be connected to a third potential
and
14

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
the corresponding electrodes connected to yet a fourth potential. As can be
appreciated, this would allow different types of tissue sealing to take place
at
different portions of the jaw members upon activation. For example, the type
of
sealing could be based upon the type of tissues involved or perhaps the
thickness of the tissue. To seal larger tissue, the user would grasp the
tissue
more towards the proximal portion of the opposing jaw members and to seal
smaller tissue, the user would grasp the tissue more towards the distal
portion
of the jaw members. It is also envisioned that the pattern and/or density of
the
micro-sealing pads may be configured to seal different types of tissue or
thicknesses of tissue along the same jaw members depending upon where the
tissue is grasped between opposing jaw members.
From the foregoing and with reference to the various figure
drawings, those skilled in the art will appreciate that certain modifications
can
also be made to the present disclosure without departing from the scope of the

same. For example, it is envisioned that by making the forceps 100, 200
disposable, the forceps 100, 200 is less likely to become damaged since it is
only intended for a single use and, therefore, does not require cleaning or
sterilization. As a result, the functionality and consistency of the vital
micro-
sealing components, e.g., the conductive micro-sealing electrode pads 500, the

stop member(s) 235a, 235b, and the insulative materials 514, 535 will assure a

uniform and quality seal.
Experimental results suggest that the magnitude of pressure
exerted on the tissue by the micro-sealing pads 112 and 122 is important in
assuring a proper surgical outcome, maintaining tissue viability. Tissue
pressures within a working range of about 3 kg/cm2 to about 16 kg/cm2 and,
preferably, within a working range of 7 kg/cm2 to 13 kg/cm2 have been shown to

be effective for micro-sealing various tissue types and vascular bundles.
In one embodiment, the shafts 212a and 212b are manufactured
such.that the spring constant of the shafts 212a and 212b, in conjunction with

the placement of the interfacing surfaces of the ratchet 230, will yield
pressures
within the above working range. In addition, the successive positions of the
ratchet interfaces increase the pressure between opposing micro-sealing
surfaces incrementally within the above working range.

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
It is envisioned that the outer surface of the jaw members 280 and
282 may include a nickel-based material or coating which is designed to reduce

adhesion between the jaw members 280, 282 (or components thereof) with the
surrounding tissue during activation and micro-sealing. Moreover, it is also
contemplated that other components such as the shaft portions 212a, 212b and
the rings 217a, 217b may also be coated with the same or a different "non-
stick"
material. Preferably, the non-stick materials are of a class of materials that

provide a smooth surface to prevent mechanical tooth adhesions.
It is also contemplated that the tissue contacting portions of the
electrodes and other portions of the micro-sealing pads 400, 500 may also be
made from or coated with non-stick materials. When utilized on these tissue
contacting surfaces, the non-stick materials provide an optimal surface energy

for eliminating sticking due in part to surface texture and susceptibility to
surface
breakdown due electrical effects and corrosion in the presence of biologic
tissues. It is envisioned that these materials exhibit superior non-stick
qualities
over stainless steel and should be utilized in areas where the exposure to
pressure and electrosurgical energy can create localized "hot spots" more
susceptible to tissue adhesion. As can be appreciated, reducing the amount
that the tissue "sticks" during micro-sealing improves the overall efficacy of
the
instrument.
The non-stick materials may be manufactured from one (or a
combination of one or more) of the following "non-stick" materials: nickel-
chrome, chromium nitride, MedCoat 2000 manufactured by The Electrolizing
Corporation of OHIO, Inconel 600 and tin-nickel. Inconel 600 coating is a so-
called "super alloy" which is manufactured by Special Metals, Inc. located in
Conroe Texas. The alloy is primarily used in environments which require
resistance to corrosion and heat. The high Nickel content of Inconel 600 makes

the material especially resistant to organic corrosion. As can be appreciated,

these properties are desirable for bipolar electrosurgical instruments which
are
naturally exposed to high temperatures, high RF energy and organic matter.
Moreover, the resistivity of Inconel 600 is typically higher than the base
electrode material which further enhances desiccation and micro-seal quality.
16

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
One particular class of materials disclosed herein has
demonstrated superior non-stick properties and, in some instances, superior
micro-seal quality. For example, nitride coatings which include, but not are
not
limited to: TiN, ZrN, TiAIN, and CrN are preferred materials used for non-
stick
purposes. CrN has been found to be particularly useful for non-stick purposes
due to its overall surface properties and optimal performance. Other classes
of
materials have also been found to reducing overall sticking. For example, high

nickel/chrome alloys with a Ni/Cr ratio of approximately 5:1 have been found
to
significantly reduce sticking in bipolar instrumentation.
It is also envisioned that the micro-sealing pads 400, 500 may be
arranged in many different configurations across or along the jaw members 280,

282 depending upon a particular purpose. Moreover, it is also contemplated
that a knife or cutting element (not shown) may be employed to sever the
tissue
600 between a series of micro-sealing pads 400, 500 depending upon a
particular purpose. The cutting element may indude a cutting edge to simply
mechanically cut tissue 600 and/or may be configured to electrosurgically cut
tissue 600.
FIG. 6 discloses a resulting tissue seal sealed by an
electrosurgical forceps according to the prior art showing a potentially
weaker
seal area due to fluid entry into the seal perimeter. More particularly,
tissue 600
of a lumen 602 of a patient's body such as the large or small intestines or
any
other passage or vessel is subject to a tissue seal 604 perfornied by an
electrosurgical forceps of the prior art (not shown). The tissue seal 604 may
be
performed by a heating method. The heating method may include, but is not
limited to, radiofrequency (RF), ultrasonic, capacitive or thermoelectric
heating
methods. The lumen 602 has an approximate centerline axis X-X'. The seal
604 has a perimeter generally of four contiguous sides 604a, 604b, 604c and
604d and a central portion 606. Two sides 604a and 604c extend in a direction
generally orthogonal to the centerline axis X-X' of the lumen 602 and parallel
to
each other, while the two sides 604b and 604d extend in a direction generally
parallel to the centerline axis X-X'. It has been determined that during
sealing,
fluid 608 may enter at a side of the perimeter such as side 604a and propagate
17

CA 02520413 2013-04-17
=
to the central portion 606 of the tissue seal 604. A weaker seal may develop
as
a result of increased fluid in a particular tissue area.
FIGS. 7A-11 illustrate various embodiments of the present
disclosure which include an end effector assembly 700 for use with forceps 10.

End effector assembly 700 includes jaw members 710 and 720 which cooperate
to treat tissue. More particularly and as best shown in FIG. 8, jaw member 710

includes an outer jaw housing 716 which is designed to support a plurality of
electrodes 712a, 712b, 712c on an inner facing surface 713 thereof. Likewise,
jaw member 720 includes an outer jaw housing 726 which is configured to
support a corresponding plurality of electrodes 722a, 722b and 722c on an
inner
facing surface 723 thereof. The electrodes 712a-712c are typically disposed
substantially in general vertical registration relative to one another,
however, it is
envisioned that the opposing electrodes 722a, 722b and 722c may be off-set or
staggered (i.e., out of vertical registration) relative to one another
depending
upon a particular purpose. Moreover, the electrodes, e.g., 712a-712c may be
staggered across or along jaw member 710 as explained in more detail below.
Moreover and as best shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, a series of
channels, e.g., 732a-732e or 742a-742e may be defined between the various
patterns of electrodes, e.g., 712a-712h and 722a-722h, respectively, disposed
on each jaw member 710 and 720. It is envisioned that the channels 732a-
732e or 742a-742e are designed to control fluid flow during activation which
is
envisioned will create a better seal during activation.
Jaw members 710 and 720 operate in a similar fashion as
described above with respect to FIGS. 1-511 Jaw housings 716 and 726 may
be made from an electrically and thermally =insulating material such as a
temperature resistant plastic or a ceramic. Alternatively, a ceramic or a so-
called "cool polymer" (a thermally conductive, electrically insulative
material)
may be employed to regulate heat across the jaw members 710, 720 during
sealing.
18

CA 02520413 2013-04-17
=
A series of individual leads 711a, 711b and 711c is connected to
respective electrodes 712a, 712b and 712c on jaw member 710. Another series
of leads 721a, 721b and 721c is connected to respective electrodes 722a, 722b
and 722c on jaw member 720. The proximal ends of leads 711a-711c and
721a-721c are connected to a multiplexer (MUX) 920 which is, in turn,
connected to electrosurgical generator 500 via lead 910. MUX 920 controls the
electrosurgical energy to each electrode, e.g., 7124, which allows the
generator
500 to automatically control the activation of individual electrodes 712a with

respect to a particular sequence, a particular current density and/or a
particular
time. The MUX may also allow the user to selectively control the electrodes,
e.g., 712a, depending upon a particular purpose or to achieve a desired
surgical
result.
It is also envisioned that the MUX may be configured to regulate
electrode pairs, e.g., 712a and 722a, in a particular sequence, with a
particular
current density or for pre-set periods of time as prescribed by the generator
500
algorithm or selectively by the user, For example, during sealing it may be =
preferable to initially activate the distal-most pairs of electrodes 712c and
722c
followed by the other electrode pairs, e.g., 712b and 722b, 712c and 722c, to
progressively seal the tissue if the jaw members 710 and 720 close in a so-
called "tip-biased" manner. If the jaw members 710 and 720 are configured to
close in a so-called "heel-biased" manner or other particular manner, the MUX
may be configured or regulated by the generator algorithm to control
electrodes
712a-712c and 722a-722c differently. The MUX may also activate one
electrode or a particular electrode pair at different or unequal current
densities
or graduated current densities depending upon a particular purpose.
FIGS. 7A and 7B show another embodiment wherein jaw member
710 includes a series of electrodes 712a-712h disposed in a longitudinal,
strip
like fashion on the inner facing surface of jaw member 710. For example, one
pattern generally simulates a traditional staple pattern. Jaw member 720 also
includes a similar pattern of electrodes (not shown) disposed on the inner
facing
surface thereof. Many electrode patterns are contemplated which are known to
contribute to a consistent and effective end tissue seal.
19

CA 02520413 2013-04-17
a
As discussed above, each electrode, e.g., 712a, is designed to
individually connect to the MUX 920 which, in turn, regulates the flow of
electrosurgical energy from the generator 500 to the electrodes, e.g., 712a.
The electrodes, e.g., 712a and 712f, may also be configured in pairs which
together connect to the MUX 920 to regulate the sealing process depending
upon a particular purpose. Moreover and as discussed above, the electrodes
712a-712f or electrode pairs may be activated in any envisioned fashion (i.e.,
in
terms of pairings, sequence, current density, amount or time) to achieve a
particular desired result and optimize sealing.
As can be appreciated, during activation, high frequency
sequential switching between different pairs of electrodes regulates the
sealing
process to allow consistent and reliable seals to form for varying tissue
types
and thicknesses. It is envisioned that the MUX 920 may regulate the generator
500 to create seals in a progressive manner across or along the opposing jaw
surfaces. The individual pairs of electrodes may be automatically or
selectively
activated sequentially, simultaneously or in any other manner to suit a
particular
surgical purpose. Although the time of the overall seal may increase due to
various electrode pair switching algorithms, it is contemplated that more
consistent current densities may be maintained across and along the entire
sealing surface during the sealing process. It is envisioned that the
frequency
of switching between different pairs of electrodes may be increased until
current
fluctuations in the lead wires between the generator 500 and the multiplexer
920
become substantially equivalent to current fluctuations characteristic of a
single
pair of electrodes disposed on opposing jaw members 710 and 720,
respectively.
It is envisioned that the bipolar forceps of the present disclosure
reduces mechanical tolerance requirements of a bipolar electrosurgical forceps

while maintaining or increasing current density by providing jaw members which

are longer than those of the prior art. For example and as a result of the
present
disclosure, high frequency sequential switching between different pairs of

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
electrodes and electrode surfaces may result in time-division multiplexing of
the
electrode activation process which, while lengthening the sealing time,
enables
design of a forceps 10 with a jaw member having a length longer than 60mm
(so far as is known, 60 mm represents current mechanical limits to electrode
lengths). For example, one of the issues with manufacturing jaw members 710
and 720 with electrode lengths of 60mm or greater is that the required
tolerances relating to so-called "flatness" and "parallelism" must be tightly
controlled along and across the electrodes. As can be appreciated, very
restrictive electrode surface flatness and parallelism tolerances increase
production costs. As can be appreciated, flatness and parallelism tolerances
are less severe when utilizing the electrode configurations of the= present
disclosure.
In addition, the bipolar forceps of the present disclosure provides
jaw members having a plurality of electrodes on each jaw member to form an
array of individual pairs of corresponding or counterpart electrodes so that
the
activation sequence and electrosurgical energy applied to each electrode or
each
individual pair of corresponding electrodes (whether adjacent or opposing) may

be varied to maintain or increase pressure of the tissue during tissue
sealing,
thereby increasing tissue seal integrity.
It is also contemplated that the various aforedescribed electrode
arrangements may be configured for use with either an open forceps as shown in

FIG. 1B or an endoscopic forceps as shown in FIG. 1A. One skilled in the art
would recognize that different but known electrical and mechanical
considerations
would be necessary and apparent to convert an open instrument to an
endoscopic instrument to accomplish the same purposes as described herein.
FIG. 9 discloses a resulting tissue seal 614 sealed by
electrosurgical forceps 10 or 200 of the present disclosure showing how the
formation of a potentially weaker seal area due to fluid entry into the seal
perimeter has been = prevented or the probability of formation has been
minimized. More particularly, the seal 614 illustrated in FIG. 9 is formed
when
the forceps 10 or 200 includes the end effector assembly 700 of FIGS. 7A
through 8. Tissue 600 of lumen 602 of a patient's body such as the large or
small intestines or any other passage or vessel may be performed by a heating
21

CA 02520413 2005-09-21
method. The heating method may include, but is not limited to, radiofrequency
(RF), ultrasonic, capacitive or thermoelectric heating methods. As previously
described with respect to FIG. 6, the lumen 602 has an approximate centerline
axis X-X'. The seal 614 formed by the end effector assembly 700 of staggered
groups of electrodes results in a plurality of potential flow paths 616 in the
areas
between the electrodes which are either parallel or orthogonal to the
centerline
axis X-X'. The potential flow paths 616 resulting from the electrode
arrangement force fluid flow to occur substantially around and substantially
through flow restricting channels 732a to 732e and 742a to 742e between the
individual electrodes in the electrode arrays 712a through 712h and 722a
through 722h. Therefore, the seal 614 has greater reliability as compared to
the
seal 604 formed by an electrosurgical forceps of the prior art.
=
While several embodiments of the disclosure have been shown in
the drawings, it is not intended that the disclosure be limited thereto, as it
is
intended that the disclosure be as broad in scope as the art will allow and
that
the specification be read likewise. Therefore, the above description should
not
be construed as limiting, but merely as exemplifications of preferred
embodiments. Those skilled in the art will envision other modifications within
= the scope and spirit of the claims appended hereto.
22

Representative Drawing
A single figure which represents the drawing illustrating the invention.
Administrative Status

For a clearer understanding of the status of the application/patent presented on this page, the site Disclaimer , as well as the definitions for Patent , Administrative Status , Maintenance Fee  and Payment History  should be consulted.

Administrative Status

Title Date
Forecasted Issue Date 2016-10-11
(22) Filed 2005-09-21
(41) Open to Public Inspection 2007-03-21
Examination Requested 2010-09-17
(45) Issued 2016-10-11

Abandonment History

Abandonment Date Reason Reinstatement Date
2014-04-01 R30(2) - Failure to Respond 2014-09-19

Maintenance Fee

Last Payment of $459.00 was received on 2021-08-18


 Upcoming maintenance fee amounts

Description Date Amount
Next Payment if small entity fee 2022-09-21 $253.00
Next Payment if standard fee 2022-09-21 $624.00

Note : If the full payment has not been received on or before the date indicated, a further fee may be required which may be one of the following

  • the reinstatement fee;
  • the late payment fee; or
  • additional fee to reverse deemed expiry.

Patent fees are adjusted on the 1st of January every year. The amounts above are the current amounts if received by December 31 of the current year.
Please refer to the CIPO Patent Fees web page to see all current fee amounts.

Payment History

Fee Type Anniversary Year Due Date Amount Paid Paid Date
Application Fee $400.00 2005-09-21
Registration of a document - section 124 $100.00 2006-12-21
Registration of a document - section 124 $100.00 2006-12-21
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 2 2007-09-21 $100.00 2007-09-06
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 3 2008-09-22 $100.00 2008-09-11
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 4 2009-09-21 $100.00 2009-09-14
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 5 2010-09-21 $200.00 2010-09-15
Request for Examination $800.00 2010-09-17
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 6 2011-09-21 $200.00 2011-09-01
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 7 2012-09-21 $200.00 2012-08-31
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 8 2013-09-23 $200.00 2013-09-04
Reinstatement - failure to respond to examiners report $200.00 2014-09-19
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 9 2014-09-22 $200.00 2014-09-19
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 10 2015-09-21 $250.00 2015-08-21
Final Fee $300.00 2016-08-09
Maintenance Fee - Application - New Act 11 2016-09-21 $250.00 2016-08-24
Maintenance Fee - Patent - New Act 12 2017-09-21 $250.00 2017-08-21
Maintenance Fee - Patent - New Act 13 2018-09-21 $250.00 2018-08-21
Maintenance Fee - Patent - New Act 14 2019-09-23 $250.00 2019-08-20
Maintenance Fee - Patent - New Act 15 2020-09-21 $450.00 2020-08-20
Maintenance Fee - Patent - New Act 16 2021-09-21 $459.00 2021-08-18
Owners on Record

Note: Records showing the ownership history in alphabetical order.

Current Owners on Record
SHERWOOD SERVICES AG
Past Owners on Record
HAMMILL, CURT
ODOM, DARREN
Past Owners that do not appear in the "Owners on Record" listing will appear in other documentation within the application.
Documents

To view selected files, please enter reCAPTCHA code :



To view images, click a link in the Document Description column. To download the documents, select one or more checkboxes in the first column and then click the "Download Selected in PDF format (Zip Archive)" or the "Download Selected as Single PDF" button.

List of published and non-published patent-specific documents on the CPD .

If you have any difficulty accessing content, you can call the Client Service Centre at 1-866-997-1936 or send them an e-mail at CIPO Client Service Centre.


Document
Description 
Date
(yyyy-mm-dd) 
Number of pages   Size of Image (KB) 
Abstract 2005-09-21 1 23
Claims 2005-09-21 3 77
Description 2005-09-21 22 1,132
Drawings 2005-09-21 14 501
Representative Drawing 2007-02-28 1 18
Cover Page 2007-03-12 1 53
Claims 2013-04-17 2 60
Description 2013-04-17 22 1,117
Claims 2014-09-19 2 48
Description 2014-09-19 22 1,113
Claims 2015-10-16 2 77
Description 2015-10-15 22 1,121
Representative Drawing 2016-02-11 1 7
Representative Drawing 2016-09-12 1 8
Cover Page 2016-09-12 1 41
Assignment 2005-09-21 3 133
Prosecution-Amendment 2010-09-17 1 48
Assignment 2005-09-21 2 88
Correspondence 2005-11-02 1 27
Assignment 2006-12-21 8 250
Correspondence 2006-12-21 13 359
Assignment 2007-04-03 1 61
Correspondence 2007-04-03 1 61
Fees 2007-09-06 1 52
Fees 2008-09-11 1 47
Fees 2009-09-14 1 53
Fees 2010-09-15 1 50
Fees 2011-09-01 1 53
Prosecution-Amendment 2010-11-23 1 47
Prosecution-Amendment 2012-10-23 3 102
Fees 2012-08-31 1 54
Prosecution-Amendment 2013-04-17 15 603
Fees 2013-09-04 1 52
Prosecution-Amendment 2013-10-01 3 108
Prosecution-Amendment 2014-09-19 12 427
Prosecution-Amendment 2015-04-22 4 247
Fees 2014-09-19 1 44
Amendment 2015-10-16 9 358
Final Fee 2016-08-09 1 42